全球气候变化下汞污染对海洋生物的生态毒理效应
|
陈瑶(1980—),女,浙江省永康市人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生态学研究,E-mail:baby_680@126.com。 |
收稿日期: 2026-03-03
修回日期: 2026-04-20
网络出版日期: 2026-06-25
基金资助
自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金(MEMRT202512)
自然资源部2024年度部省合作项目(2024ZRBSHZ105)
Ecotoxicological effects of mercury pollution on marine organisms under global climate change
Received date: 2026-03-03
Revised date: 2026-04-20
Online published: 2026-06-25
全球气候变化背景下,海洋酸化与暖化对汞污染生态毒性效应的复合影响及其机制是环境科学领域的研究热点。本文系统梳理现有研究进展,分析酸化与暖化单一或复合胁迫对汞的生物累积、毒性效应及生物响应的影响。研究发现:海洋酸化可抑制汞的生物累积,诱导生物通过能量补偿与应激反应降低汞毒性,显示出两者的拮抗作用;海水暖化与汞污染则表现为协同效应,暖化通过加速生物代谢、促进汞累积、诱发氧化损伤,加剧汞的生态毒性;在酸化与暖化复合胁迫下,汞累积的抑制效应可被部分抵消,同时免疫防御下调、繁殖损伤加剧,使得汞的毒性效应总体增强。研究表明,单一考虑酸化或暖化气候压力,易严重低估海洋汞污染的长期生态风险,根源在于忽略了复合胁迫中暖化对酸化的抵消作用以及复合胁迫引发的能量成本超出生物代偿能力这一关键机制。未来亟需开展多环境因子、多生物世代与生态系统尺度的整合研究,厘清复杂气候变化背景下的汞污染毒性效应作用机制,为制定精准的风险管控策略提供科学依据。
陈瑶 , 苏荣 , 王芳洲 . 全球气候变化下汞污染对海洋生物的生态毒理效应[J]. 海洋学研究, 2026 , 44(2) : 85 -92 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2026.02.009
Under global climate change, the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on mercury (Hg) ecotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms have become a research focus in environmental science. This paper has comprehensively reviewed existing studies and analyzed the interactive effects of acidification and warming on Hg bioaccumulation, toxicity effects, and biological responses. The key findings reveal that ocean acidification primarily mitigates Hg toxicity by inhibiting Hg bioaccumulation and inducing energy compensation and stress responses in organisms, demonstrating their antagonistic interaction. In contrast, warming exerts a synergistic effect with Hg pollution, i.e., exacerbating Hg toxicity by increasing metabolic rates, promoting Hg accumulation, and inducing oxidative damage. Under the more realistic scenario of combined acidification and warming, the inhibitory effect of acidification on Hg accumulation is partially offset, while immune defense downregulation and reproductive damage are intensified, ultimately leading to an overall enhancement of Hg toxicity. These findings suggest that assessments based solely on single climate stressors (acidification or warming) may substantially underestimate the long-term ecological risks of Hg pollution in marine ecosystems. Such underestimation stems from the neglect of warming’s counteraction on acidification and the dual energy demand arising from combined acidification and warming exceeding an organism’s compensatory capacity. Future research should prioritize integrated assessments across multi-stressors, multigenerational exposure, and ecosystem levels to reveal the complex mechanisms of Hg toxicity under global climate change, provide a scientific basis for developing accurate risk management strategies.
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
UNEP. An assessment report on issues of concern: Chemicals and waste issues posing risks to human health and the environment[R]. UNEP, 2020. https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/33807.
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
GB 3097—1997 海水水质标准[S].
GB 3097—1997 Sea water quality standard[S].
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
IPCC. Climate change 2021: The physical science basis[R]// Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |