Tidal flat topography inversion method based on tidal level complementary cumulative distribution function: A case study of Yueqing Bay

ZHANG Zhaoyuan; ZHANG Huaguo; CAO Wenting; LI Dongling

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.004

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Journal of Marine Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2) : 30-38. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.004

Tidal flat topography inversion method based on tidal level complementary cumulative distribution function: A case study of Yueqing Bay

ZHANG Zhaoyuan ¹^,²^,³ ,
ZHANG Huaguo ¹^,²^,³^,^* ,
CAO Wenting ²^,³ ,
LI Dongling ²^,³

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Abstract

Tidal flats are influenced by tides, experiencing periodic inundation and exposure, thus the inundation frequency reflects the elevation of tidal flats. This study utilizes time-series SAR satellite remote sensing data to conduct research on the remote sensing inversion method of tidal flat topography based on tidal level complementary cumulative distribution function. The key lies in proposing a new method for inundation frequency correction based on the weighting scale of remote sensing observation counts. And, based on the mathematical definition of inundation frequency, the functional relationship between inundation frequency and tidal flat elevation was explored, leading to the construction of a tidal flat topography inversion model based on the tidal level complementary cumulative distribution function. Then, the validation of the method was conducted in the Yueqing Bay. Based on the time-series Sentinel-1 satellite SAR remote sensing data, the tidal flat topographies for the periods 2019-2020 and 2021-2022 were successfully inverted. The accuracy assessment was conducted based on the corresponding period’s ICESat-2 satellite laser altimetry data. The root mean square errors (RMSE)of the tidal flat topographies for the periods 2019-2020 and 2021-2022 were 0.41 m and 0.51 m, respectively. Additionally, the RMSE of topography for the period of 2019-2020 using in-situ data was 0.48 m. The accuracy assessment suggest that the proposed method in this study can achieve high-precision tidal flat topography without field-measured topographic data. It is expected to be applicable to the monitoring of tidal flat topography in more regions.

Key words

tidal flat topography / inundation frequency correction / Sentinel-1 remote sensing images / tidal level / Yueqing Bay

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ZHANG Zhaoyuan , ZHANG Huaguo , CAO Wenting , et al. Tidal flat topography inversion method based on tidal level complementary cumulative distribution function: A case study of Yueqing Bay[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences. 2025, 43(2): 30-38 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.004

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Abstract

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In response to the problems of large operational difficulties, high price and low accuracy of tidal flat topography monitoring, based on ICESat-2 satellite laser point cloud profile data, this paper proposes a digital elevation model inversion method combining multivariate optical images. The two major sandbar systems of the Tiaozini and Gaoni in the Yellow Sea of China are used as research objects. Using low-pass filtering techniques to extract topographic height values and combine them with tidal water level data to assign values, the conversion from 2D to 3D is achieved, and improves the inversion accuracy of the current mainstream waterline tide level assignment method. The model shows more detail of the topographic variation of the tidal flat surface, with significant differences in height, allowing the presence of clear tidal trench topography to be observed. Comparing the measured data, the correlation coefficient is 0.89 with a root mean square error of 0.34 m. The results of this study demonstrate the significance of ICESat-2 data for the inversion of beach topography and lay the data foundation for the construction of the theory of tidal flats evolution under the influence of human activities.

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