Effects of natural additives on growth and body color of leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2018.02.011

Abstract

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of natural additive on Plectropomus Leopardus, 4 kinds of different contents of natural products (astaxanthin, xanthophyll, spirulina and corn gluten meal ) were selected to formulate the baits to feed the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) in a recirculating aquaculture system for seventy-five days. The main growth index and the L^* value (Lightness), a^* value (red—green) and b^* value (yellow—blue) of body color in these fish's eight parts (head cheek, opercula, dorsal, abdomen, dorsal fin, pectoral fin, tail fin and caudal peduncle) were measured by scale, straightedge and colorimeter before and after the experiment. The results show that compared with control group, these four additives have no significant impact on the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient of leopard coral grouper (P<0.05); all of these additives make the L^* value slightly smaller, and there are significance occurrings on some parts. Compared with the control group, all of the additives significantly lift the a^* value and b^* value of leopard coral grouper, among which the experimental feed with astaxanthin has the most significant effect.

Key words: Plectropomus leopardus, astaxanthin, xanthophyll, spirulina, corn gluten meal, body color

CLC Number:

GUAN Xian-tao, WU Hong-xi, MA Jian-zhong, SHAN Le-zhou, LIN Shao-zhen. Effects of natural additives on growth and body color of leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2018, 36(2): 80-91.

References

[1] LIGHT P R,JONES G P.Habitat preference in newly settled coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus,Serranidae)[J].Coral Reefs,1997,16(2):117-126.
[2] FRISCH A,ANDERSON T.Physiological stress responses of twospecies of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus and Plectropomus maculatus) [J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2005,140(3):317-327.
[3] ZHANG You-biao,YU Da-hui,HUANG Gui-ju.Impacts of ecological factors on hatching of fertilized eggs and survival of larvae of coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(10):102-105.
张友标,喻达辉,黄桂菊.生态因子对豹纹鳃棘鲈受精卵孵化和仔鱼成活的影响[J].广东农业科学,2010,38(10):102-105.
[4] CHEN Chao,WU Lei-ming,LI Yan-lu,et al.Morphology of the early age and the pigment occurrence and the effects of different feed additives on the body color of Plectropomus leopardus[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2014,35(5):83-90.
陈超,吴雷明,李炎璐,等.豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)早期形态与色素变化及添加剂对其体色的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(5):83-90.
[5] FOSS P,STOREBAKKEN T,AUSTRENG E,et al.Carotenoids in diets for salmonids:V.Pigmentation of rainbow trout and sea trout with astaxanthin and astaxanthin dipalmitate in comparison with canthaxanthin[J].Aquaculture,1987,65(3-4):293-305.
[6] STOREBAKKEN T,FOSS P,SCHIEDT K,et al. Carotenoids in diets for salmonids:IV.Pigmentation of Atlantic salmon with astaxanthin,astaxanthin dipalmitate and canthaxanthin[J].Aquaculture,1987,65(3-4):279-292.
[7] CHATZIFOTIS S,PAVLIDIS M,JIMENO C D,et al.The effect of different carotenoid sources on skin coloration of cultured red porgy (Pagrus pagrus)[J]. Aquaculture Research,2005,36(15):1 517-1 525.
[8] LUO Ping.Effect of Spirulina princeps on the growth and development of the Jian carp[J].Reservoir Fisheries,2006,26(4):41-42.
罗萍.螺旋藻对建鲤生长发育的影响[J].水利渔业,2006,26(4):41-42.
[9] ZHANG Yin-jiang, HE Pei-min, HE Wen-hui.Effects of Spirulina on growth and body color of Eriocheir sinensis[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2001,8(2):59-62.
张饮江,何培民,何文辉.螺旋藻对中华绒螫蟹生长和体色的影响[J].中国水产科学,2001,8(2):59-62.
[10] BAZYAR LAKEH A A,AHMADI M R,SAFI S,et al.Growth performance,mortality and carotenoid pigmentation of fry offspring as affected by dietary supplementation of astaxanthin to female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock [J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2010,26(1):35-39.
[11] WANG Yi-Juan,CHIEN Yew-Hu,PAN Chih-Hung.Effects of dietary supplementation of carotenoids on survival,growth,pigmentation,and antioxidant capacity of characins,Hyphessobrycon callistus[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(2):641-648.
[12] SHI Shao-yi,LI Xiao-qin,LENG Xiang-jun,et al.Effect of different forms of xanthophylls on body color of hybrid catfish(Silurusmeridionalis Chen×Silurusasotus Linnaeus) [J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(2):196-200.
史少奕,李小勤,冷向军,等. 饵料中添加不同形式叶黄素对杂交鲶体色的影响[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(2):196-200.
[13] AMAR E C,KIRON V,SATOH S,et al.Influence of various dietary synthetic carotenoids on biodefence,mechanisms in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(S1):162-173.
[14] ZHU Lei.The effects of corn gluten meal and de-mold agent on growth,body color,and health of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco[D].Suzhou:Suzhou University,2012.
朱磊.玉米蛋白粉和脱霉剂对黄颡鱼生长、体色及健康的影响[D].苏州:苏州大学,2012.
[15] LENG Xiang-jun,LI Xiao-qin,WEI You-chuan,et al.Effect of xanthophyll addition on body color of Clarias fuscus[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2003,27(1):38-42.
冷向军,李小勤,韦友传,等.饵料中添加叶黄素对胡子鲶体色的影响[J].水产学报,2003,27(1):38-42.
[16] GOODWIN T W.The biochemistry of carotenoids[M].London: Chapman and Hall, 1984.
[17] CHEN Xiao-ming,XU Xue-ming,JIN Zheng-yu.Pigmentation of Carassius auratus with astaxanthin-riched Phaffia raodozyma[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2004,11(1):70-73.
陈晓明,徐学明,金征宇.富含虾青素的法夫酵母对金鱼体色的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(1):70-73.
[18] WANG Rui,FEI Xiao-hong.Study on the application of four colorants in ornamental fish[J].Journal of Beijing Fisheries,2005(4):37-38.
王锐,费小红.四种增色剂在观赏鱼中应用的研究[J].北京水产,2005(4):37-38.
[19] NAKAMURA K,IIDA H.Relationship between albinism and riboflavin amount in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish,1986,52(7):1 275-1 279.
[20] ALISHAHI M,KARAMIFAR M,MESBAH M.Effects of astaxanthin and Dunaliella salina on skin carotenoids,growth performance and immune response of Astronotus ocellatus[J].Aquacult Int,2015,23(5):1 239-1 248.
[21] LENG Xiang-jun,SHI Ying,LI Xiao-qin,et al.Effect of dietary xanthophyll level on body colour of goldfish(Carassius auratus)[J].Journal of Zhejiang University: Agric & Life Sci,2010,36(2):168-174.
冷向军,石英,李小勤,等.饲料中添加叶黄素对金鱼体色的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2010,36(2):168-174.
[22] LI Huan,DUAN Qing-yuan,SANG Wei-guo. Determination of main pigment in the skin of large yellow croaker(Peseudosciaena crocea R.) by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with solid phase extraction[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2015,36(4):57-66.
李欢,段青源,桑卫国.固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定大黄鱼皮肤主要色素[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(4):57-66.
[23] MASZUMI S.Morphological color changes in fish:regulation of pigment cell density and morphology[J].Microscopy Research and Technique,2002,58(6):496 -503.
[24] CHATZIFOTIS S,PAVLIDIS M,JIMENO C D,et al.The effect of different carotenoid sources on skin coloration of cultured red porgy (Pagrus pagrus)[J].Aquaculture Research, 2005,36(15):1 517-1 525.
[25] BUTTLE L G,CRAMPTON V O,WILLIAMS P D.The effect of feed pigment type on flesh pigment deposition and colour in farmed Atlantic almon,Salmo salar L.[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(2):103-111.
[26] SOMMER T R,SOUZAA F M L,MORRISSY N M.Pigmentation of adult rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,using the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis[J].Aquaculture,1992,106(1):63-74.
[27] PAN Ji-xing.The history of domestic cultivation of gold-fish in China and its spread in the east and west[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2008,30(5):287-290.
潘吉星.金鱼在中国的家养史及其在东西方的传播[J].自然杂志,2008,30(5):287-290.
[28] RUAN Cheng-xu,YUAN Chong-gui,WU De-feng.Effects of different painting substance on the growth and body color of female Poecilia reticulate[J].Journal of Fuzhou University: Natural Science Edition,2013,41( 2):257-260.
阮成旭,袁重桂,吴德峰.不同着色剂对孔雀鱼雌鱼生长和体色的影响[J].福州大学学报: 自然科学版,2013,41( 2):257-260.
[29] HU Min-qiang.Development of the research on nutrition of Koi carp (Cryprinus carpiod) in China[J].Journal of Foshan University: Natural Science Edition,2010,28(6):36-39.
胡民强.我国锦鲤营养需要研究进展[J].佛山科学技术学院学报: 自然科学版,2010, 28(6):36-39.
[30] SIMPSON K L.Carotenoids in fish feeds[M]//Carotenoids as colorants and vitamin A precursors.New York: Academic Press,1981: 463-537.
[31] SMITH B,HARDY R,TORRISSEN O.Synthetic astaxanth in deposition in pan-size coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) [J].Aquaculture,1992,104(1-2):105-119.
[32] BAKER R T M,PFEIFFER A M,SCHONER F J,et al.Pigmenting efficacy of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in fresh-water reared Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2002,99(1-4):97-106.
[33] NOEMÍ T,JUANA R C,COVADONGA R,et al.Pigmentation,carotenoids,lipid peroxides and lipid composition of skin of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fed diets supplemented with different astaxanthin sources[J].Aquaculture,2007,270(1-4):218-230.
[34] KALINOWSKI C T,ROBAINA L E,IZQUIERDO M S.Effect of dietary astaxanthin on the growth performance,lipid composition and post-mortem skin colouration of red porgy Pagrus pagrus[J].Aquacult Int,2011,19(5):811-823.
[35] XIANG xiao,ZENG Xue-run,LI Jin-ping,et al.Study on the optimum amount of the effect of carotenoids on the colour of molly's body [J].Journal of Beijing Fisheries,2000 (1):52-53.
向枭,曾学润,李晋平,等.类胡萝卜素对花玛丽鱼体色影响的最适量研究[J].北京水产,2000 (1):52-53.