国产深海HM4000型剖面浮标盐度数据校正

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.002

海洋学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 14-21.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.002

国产深海HM4000型剖面浮标盐度数据校正

张璇¹^,²(), 刘增宏¹^,²^,^*(), 陈朝晖³, 任翀⁴, 熊海霞⁴, 高志远³, 严啸峦⁵, 张林林⁵

1.自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012
2.卫星海洋环境监测预警全国重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012
3.中国海洋大学物理海洋教育部重点实验室,山东青岛 266100
4.崂山实验室,山东青岛 266237
5.中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2024-02-26 修回日期:2024-04-26 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-05-30
通讯作者: *刘增宏(1977—),男,正高级工程师,主要从事物理海洋调查分析研究,E-mail: zliu@sio.org.cn。
作者简介:张璇(2001—),女,江苏省扬州市人,主要从事Argo数据处理与应用研究,E-mail:zxzx20012023@163.com。
基金资助:
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)资助项目(SML2021SP102);崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202201500)

Calibration of salinity data of a domestically-produced HM4000 deep profiling float

ZHANG Xuan¹^,²(), LIU Zenghong¹^,²^,^*(), CHEN Zhaohui³, REN Chong⁴, XIONG Haixia⁴, GAO Zhiyuan³, YAN Xiaoluan⁵, ZHANG Linlin⁵

1. Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
4. Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
5. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Received:2024-02-26 Revised:2024-04-26 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2023年12月,崂山实验室“深海Argo区域观测网建设”项目在菲律宾海盆布放了1台国产4 000 m级HM4000型剖面浮标(世界气象组织编号为2902895),该浮标携带了加拿大RBR公司生产的RBRargo³ deep 6k CTD传感器(以下简称RBR CTD)。布放后发现,该浮标返回的盐度观测数据与船载CTD结果以及气候态盐度值相比存在系统性的偏差。为了校正浮标盐度数据,使用现场盐度计分析结果和船载CTD测量的盐度,计算了RBR CTD电导率的偏移率,进而对浮标盐度剖面进行了校正。经检验,校正后的结果与邻近浮标和气候态盐度数据基本一致。随着我国 “深海Argo区域观测网建设”项目的启动实施,越来越多的国产深海Argo浮标将被布放,相比观测水深为0~2 000 m范围内的核心Argo(Core-Argo,仅观测海水温度和盐度),深海Argo(Deep-Argo)需要更高的观测精度才能分辨出深海更小的变化。当前,Deep-Argo使用的CTD传感器仍存在技术问题,一些浮标和传感器在存储、运输和使用过程中难免会存在不当操作,导致观测数据特别是盐度数据存在较大误差。为此,本文提出了一种使用现场比测资料对深海Argo浮标观测资料进行校正的方法,可为我国深海Argo区域观测网资料质量控制提供重要的技术支撑。

关键词: 深海Argo, HM4000型剖面浮标, RBR CTD传感器, Autosal 8400B实验室盐度计, 船载SBE 911 CTD, 电导率漂移, 盐度校正

Abstract:

In December 2023, the project “Construction of Regional Deep-Argo Observation Network” sponsored by Laoshan Laboratory deployed a domestically-produced HM4000 profiling float with the maximum profiling depth of 4 000 m (the World Meteorological Organization number is 2902895) in the Philippine Sea, which was equipped with an RBRargo³ deep 6k Temperature-Conductivity-Depth (CTD) sensor produced by RBR, Canada. It was found that the salinity observation data reported by the float exhibited a systematic deviation compared to the shipboard CTD and climatological salinity. In order to correct the salinity data of the float, the conductivity slope of the RBR CTD was calculated by using bottle salinity measured by the Autosal 8400B salinometer and salinity measurements from the shipboard CTD cast. Salinity profiles of the float were then calibrated, and the calibrated salinity was found to be basically consistent with the nearby float and the climatological data. With the implementation of the “Construction of Regional Deep-Argo Observation Network” project, an increasing number of domestically-produced deep Argo floats will be deployed. Compared to the Core Argo floats that measure temperature and salinity profiles in the upper 2 000 m of the ocean, Deep-Argo requires higher accuracy to resolve smaller variations in deep waters. Currently, technical problems are still found in deep CTD sensors, and improper handling and operation during storage, transportation, and usage of some floats and sensors are inevitable, resulting in large errors in the observations, especially the salinity data. Therefore, this study proposes a method of calibrating Deep-Argo floats’ observation data using in-situ shipboard CTD cast, which can provide essential technical support for quality control of the Deep-Argo floats.

Key words: Deep-Argo, HM4000 profiling float, RBR CTD sensor, Autosal 8400B salinometer, shipboard SBE 911 CTD, conductivity drift, salinity calibration

中图分类号:

张璇, 刘增宏, 陈朝晖, 任翀, 熊海霞, 高志远, 严啸峦, 张林林. 国产深海HM4000型剖面浮标盐度数据校正[J]. 海洋学研究, 2025, 43(1): 14-21.

ZHANG Xuan, LIU Zenghong, CHEN Zhaohui, REN Chong, XIONG Haixia, GAO Zhiyuan, YAN Xiaoluan, ZHANG Linlin. Calibration of salinity data of a domestically-produced HM4000 deep profiling float[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2025, 43(1): 14-21.

图/表 9

图1 2902895号浮标及其邻近浮标(WMO编号:2902881)的漂移轨迹 (2902881号浮标轨迹中绿色点代表第83~91号剖面位置;2902895号浮标轨迹中红色点代表最后剖面位置,绿色叉代表第1~2号剖面位置,蓝色点代表其他剖面位置。)

Fig.1 Trajectories of the float 2902895 and its nearby float 2902881 (In the trajectory of the float 2902881, the green points represent the positions of profiles 83 to 91. In the trajectory of the float 2902895, the red dot represents the last profile position; the green crosses represent the first and second profile positions, and the other profile positions are indicated by blue dots.)

图2 浮标下潜最大深度随时间的变化

Fig.2 The maximum diving depth of the float varied with time

图3 船载CTD观测的温度-盐度曲线

Fig.3 Temperature-salinity curves observed by shipboard CTD

图4 浮标第1~3号剖面和船载CTD观测的温度垂向分布(a)、盐度垂向分布(b)以及温度-盐度曲线(c)

Fig.4 Vertical distributions of temperature (a), salinity (b), and temperature-salinity curves(c) from the first three profiles of the float and the shipboard CTD

表1 浮标布放站位上盐度计分析和船载CTD测量结果

Tab.1 Analysis results from the salinometer and shipboard CTD measurements at the float deployment station

序号	采样深度/m	盐度计分析电导率 /(S·m^-1)	船载CTD测量电导率 /(S·m^-1)
1	600	3.465 5	3.464 9
2	700	3.360 6	3.359 4
3	800	3.291 2	3.291 2
4	1 000	3.225 7	3.225 7
5	1 200	3.186 6	3.189 7
6	1 600	3.155 3	3.154 9
7	2 000	3.140 3	3.140 0
8	3 000	3.148 0	3.147 7
9	4 000	3.179 0	3.178 7
10	5 000	3.219 1	3.218 9
11	5 560	3.243 0	3.242 7

图5 校正前后的浮标盐度与船载CTD数据的盐度差以及与气候态盐度数据的对比

Fig.5 Comparison of float-measured salinity (before and after calibration) with shipboard CTD data and climatological salinity

图6 2902895号和2902881号浮标的温度-盐度曲线比对

Fig.6 Comparison of the temperature-salinity diagram between the floats 2902895 and 2902881

图7 校正后的浮标盐度与ISAS13(a)和WOA2018(b)气候态盐度在不同等温层上的差异 (灰色阴影代表国际Argo计划±0.01盐度观测精度目标。)

Fig.7 Differences between the float salinity (after calibration) and ISAS13(a) and WOA2018(b) climatological salinity at different isotherms (The gray shading denotes the target salinity accuracy of ±0.01 proposed by the international Argo program.)

图8 RBR CTD传感器涂层破损的位置

Fig.8 The damaged coating locations of the RBR CTD sensor

参考文献 11

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国产深海HM4000型剖面浮标盐度数据校正

Calibration of salinity data of a domestically-produced HM4000 deep profiling float

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