春季典型亚热带珊瑚礁海域海水pCO2的变化特征及其调控机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.009

海洋学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 90-106.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.009

春季典型亚热带珊瑚礁海域海水pCO₂的变化特征及其调控机制

杨波¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 张卓⁵, 周进⁴, 林子燚¹, 谢子强⁶, 郑惠娜¹^,⁷, 廖宝林¹, 肖宝华¹^,^*()

1.广东海洋大学深圳研究院,广东深圳 518108
2.广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室,广西北海 536015
3.江苏海洋大学海洋科学与水产学院,江苏连云港 222006
4.清华大学深圳国际研究生院, 广东深圳518055
5.广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江 524088
6.深圳市碧海蓝天海洋科技有限公司, 广东深圳 518108
7.广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东湛江 524088

收稿日期:2023-08-17 修回日期:2023-11-16 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-05-30
通讯作者: *肖宝华(1978—),男,教授级高级工程师,主要从事珊瑚礁生态调查研究,E-mail: xiaobh@gdou.edu.cn。
作者简介:杨波(1990—),男,山东省青岛市人,讲师,主要从事近海碳循环方面的研究,E-mail:sdqdyb123@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42406039);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515012204);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515110345);广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室开放基金项目(MRESD-2024-B02);深圳市可持续发展专项(KCXFZ20211020165547011)

Variation characteristics and regulation mechanism of pCO₂ in typical subtropical coral reefs area in spring

YANG Bo¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), ZHANG Zhuo⁵, ZHOU Jin⁴, LIN Ziyi¹, XIE Ziqiang⁶, ZHENG Huina¹^,⁷, LIAO Baolin¹, XIAO Baohua¹^,^*()

1. Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Beihai 536015, China
3. College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222006, China
4. Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
5. College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
6. Shenzhen Blue Sea Blue Sky Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518108, China
7. College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

Received:2023-08-17 Revised:2023-11-16 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于存在极高的初级生产和高效的碳代谢速率, 珊瑚礁海域二氧化碳(CO₂)的汇/源属性仍存有争议。为了明晰我国亚热带珊瑚礁海域CO₂的源、汇特征及驱动因素,基于2023年5月的海上调查结果并结合室内培养实验数据,本文探究了春季大澳湾(珊瑚礁海域)海水CO₂分压(pCO₂)的分布特征及主要控制机制。结果表明:春季大澳湾海水pCO₂的范围为412.9~555.7 μatm,主要表现为大气CO₂的源,平均释放通量为0.53±0.90 mmol·m^-2·d^-1。调查期间,pCO₂整体呈现近岸高于远岸的分布特征,这主要受到生物活动(净呼吸)和陆源淡水输入的共同控制。此外,海水pCO₂的日周期变化显著,其差值最高可达168 μatm。生物活动(光合和呼吸作用)的昼夜差异是导致pCO₂日变化的主要因素,在礁区和非礁区对pCO₂日变化的贡献分别为89.4%和66.4%。物理过程(温度和潮汐作用)对pCO₂昼夜变化的影响较小,其中温度变化在礁区和非礁区的贡献分别为12.7%和21.5%,其作用远低于生物过程。此外,近岸珊瑚的代谢过程可能会显著提升大澳湾局部(礁区)的pCO₂,增强海域的CO₂源属性。

关键词: 珊瑚礁, pCO₂, 海-气CO₂通量, 源汇特征, 大澳湾, 钙化作用, 呼吸作用, 光合作用

Abstract:

Based on the field survey in May 2023 along with data obtained from indoor culture experiments, the distribution characteristics of seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂) and its main control mechanisms in Daao Bay (coral reefs region) in spring were explored. The pCO₂ in Daao Bay ranged from 412.9 to 555.7 μatm in spring, and the study area acted as a source for atmospheric CO₂ with the average efflux of 0.53±0.90 mmol·m^-2·d^-1. During the survey period, the horizontal distribution of pCO₂ was generally higher in nearshore area than that in offshore zone, which was mainly controlled by biological activities (net respiration) and coastal terrestrial input. In addition, pCO₂ showed significant diurnal variation with a maximum difference of 168 μatm. Diurnal differences in biological activities (photosynthesis and respiration) were the main factors leading to changes in pCO₂, contributing 89.4% and 66.4% of pCO₂ in the reef and non-reef areas, respectively. In comparison, physical processes (temperature and tidal effects) had a weak effect on the pCO₂ dynamic, and the temperature effect contributed 12.7% and 21.5% of pCO₂, which was much lower than that of biological processes. Furthermore, the metabolic activity of corals might increase the pCO₂ in the local (reef area) of Daao Bay and enhance the CO₂ source properties of the sea area.

Key words: coral reefs, CO₂ partial pressure, air-sea CO₂ flux, source-sink, Daao Bay, calcification, respiration, photosynthesis

中图分类号:

P734.45

杨波, 张卓, 周进, 林子燚, 谢子强, 郑惠娜, 廖宝林, 肖宝华. 春季典型亚热带珊瑚礁海域海水pCO₂的变化特征及其调控机制[J]. 海洋学研究, 2025, 43(1): 90-106.

YANG Bo, ZHANG Zhuo, ZHOU Jin, LIN Ziyi, XIE Ziqiang, ZHENG Huina, LIAO Baolin, XIAO Baohua. Variation characteristics and regulation mechanism of pCO₂ in typical subtropical coral reefs area in spring[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2025, 43(1): 90-106.

图/表 13

图1 大澳湾调查站位图 (图中的红色边框代表珊瑚礁区域。)

Fig.1 The map of survey stations in Daao Bay (The red border in figure represents the coral reef area.)

图2 表、底层海水温度、盐度、DO和Chl a的水平分布特征

Fig.2 The horizontal distribution characteristics of temperature, salinity, DO and Chl a in the surface and bottom seawater

图3 表、底层海水TA、pHt和pCO2的水平分布特征

Fig.3 The horizontal distribution characteristics of TA, pHt and pCO2 in surface and bottom seawater

图4 珊瑚礁区和非珊瑚礁区表、底层海水温度、DO和AOU的日变化特征

Fig.4 Diurnal variation characteristics of temperature, DO and AOU in the surface and bottom water in coral reef and non-reef areas

图5 珊瑚礁区和非珊瑚礁区表、底层海水TA、pHt、pCO2和海-气CO2通量的日变化特征

Fig.5 Diurnal variation characteristics of TA, pHt, pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux in the surface and bottom water in coral reef and non-reef areas

图6 室内模拟实验中pHt、TA和DIC的变化(珊瑚代谢)

Fig.6 Changes in pHt, TA, and DIC during indoor simulation experiments (coral metabolism)

图7 室内模拟实验中pHt、TA和DIC的变化(海水和沉积物微生物代谢)

Fig.7 Changes in pHt, TA and DIC during indoor simulation experiments (microbial metabolism in seawater and sediment)

图8 海水微生物代谢、沉积物释放以及珊瑚代谢过程中DIC和TA的平均释放通量

Fig.8 The average release fluxes of DIC and TA during the seawater microbial metabolism, sediment release, and the coral metabolism

表1 全球近海/河口区海水微生物代谢、沉积物释放和珊瑚代谢过程中DIC和TA的释放通量

Tab.1 The release fluxes of DIC and TA during the seawater microbial metabolism, sediment release, and the coral metabolism in other offshore/estuarine areas of the world

项目	释放通量		研究区域(目标)	数据来源
项目	DIC	TA	研究区域(目标)	数据来源
海水微生物代谢 /(μmol·kg^-1·d^-1)	13.01±2.95	-1.40±0.36	胶州湾(海水)	文献[29]
	4.95±0.41		路易斯安那大陆架(海水)	文献[30]
	14.21±1.31		墨西哥湾(海水)	文献[31]
沉积物释放 /(mmol·m^-2·d^-1)	6.05±1.58		北黄海(沉积物)	文献[32]
	6.94±4.90		南黄海(沉积物)	文献[33]
	0.82±0.02		博滕海(沉积物)	文献[34]
	2.12±0.07		博恩霍尔姆岛沿岸(沉积物)	文献[34]
	9.32±3.52		英国北海(沉积物)	文献[35]
	31.14±22.01	29.06±21.39	墨西哥湾(沉积物)	文献[31]
	9.70±2.88	3.84±2.77	蒙特利湾(沉积物)	文献[36]
	17.23±1.70		路易斯安那大陆架(沉积物)	文献[37]
珊瑚代谢 /(mmol·cm^-2·d^-1)		-27.12±2.33	指形鹿角珊瑚	文献[38]
		-16.60±0.70	美丽鹿角珊瑚	文献[39]
		-54	铁星珊瑚	文献[40]
		-0.38±1.26	板叶角蜂巢珊瑚	文献[41]
	13.82		风信子鹿角珊瑚	文献[42]
	0.53		丛生盔形珊瑚	文献[42]

表2 大澳湾表、底层海水中pCO2与环境因子的相关性(n=16)

Tab.2 Correlation between pCO2 and environmental factors in the surface and bottom waters of Daao Bay (n=16)

层位	温度	盐度	AOU	Chl a
表层	-0.111	-0.596^*	0.476^*	0.225
底层	-0.088	0.200	0.826^**	-0.069

图9 不同调查站位(a)和24 h定点连续观测站位(b)海水中NTA和NDIC的关系 (红色线和蓝色线的交点为海水样本NTA和NDIC的平均值。)

Fig.9 The relationship between NTA and NDIC of seawater in different survey stations (a) and 24 h fixed-point continuous observation stations (b) (The intersection of the red and blue line is the average of NTA and NDIC for seawater samples.)

图10 24 h定点连续观测站位海水中pCO2与温度(a)和ptCO2与AOU(b)的关系

Fig.10 The relationship between pCO2 and temperature (a), ptCO2 and AOU (b) in seawater in the 24 h fixed-point continuous observation stations

图11 CO2海-气交换和生物过程对海水DIC、TA和pCO2的日贡献

Fig.11 Daily contributions of CO2 air-sea exchange and biological processes to DIC, TA and pCO2 in seawater

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春季典型亚热带珊瑚礁海域海水pCO₂的变化特征及其调控机制

Variation characteristics and regulation mechanism of pCO₂ in typical subtropical coral reefs area in spring

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