浙南岛屿岩相潮间带大型底栖动物优势种生态位研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2021.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究利用1990年、2006年、2010年和2016年11月在南麂列岛、北龙-北麂列岛和洞头列岛的调查结果和历史资料,分析了浙南岛屿岩相潮间带大型底栖动物优势种的时空变化及生态位。结果显示:4次调查数据中主要优势种有15种,前4位优势种分别为日本笠藤壶、条纹隔贻贝、疣荔枝螺和小结节滨螺;30 a来日本笠藤壶有逐渐被条纹隔贻贝取代的趋势。在区域分布上,北龙-北麂列岛和洞头列岛以日本笠藤壶为第一优势种,南麂列岛以条纹隔贻贝为第一优势种。各优势种的生态位宽度值(B_i)范围为0~0.97,B_i大于0.70的有疣荔枝螺、日本花棘石鳖、条纹隔贻贝、小结节滨螺、龟足、日本笠藤壶,表明这些物种在多数环境位点都有出现且对环境适应能力强;B_i小于0.4的物种有毛贻贝、刺巨藤壶、隆起隔贻贝、棘刺牡蛎、厚壳贻贝和东方小藤壶,表明它们只在少数的环境位点出现且对资源利用能力较弱。生态位重叠值(O_ik)范围为0~0.96,B_i大于0.7的物种间重叠度较高,O_ik值均大于0.53;B_i在0.4~0.7的物种间O_ik值为0.34~0.66;而B_i小于0.4的物种间O_ik值在0~0.69之间。说明生态位宽度大的物种之间重叠度较高,但生态位宽度小的物种之间重叠度不一定低。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 群落结构, 生态位, 种间竞争

Abstract: To understand the trends of the dominant species of macrozoobenthos and their niches in the intertidal zone of islands off sourthern Zhejiang, the interannual changes and succession of macrozoobenthic community structure were analyzed based on the data collected from the November of 1990, 2006, 2010 and 2016 in Nanji Islands, Beilong-Beiji Islands and Dongtou Islands. The results showed that there were 15 dominant species of macrozoobenthos and the top four dominant species were Tetraclita japonica, Septifer virgatus, Thais clavigera and Nodilittorina exigua.The T. japonica had been gradually replaced by S. virgatusin the past 30 years. In terms of geography, the most dominant species in Beilong-Beiji Islands and Dongtou Islands was T. japonica, while in the Nanji Islands was S. virgatus. The niche breadth (B_i) of the dominant species was 0-0.97, and species with B_i greater than 0.70 were T. clavigera, Liolophura japonica, S. virgatus, N. exigua, Capitulum mitella and T. japonica, indicating that these species appeared at many resource sites and had strong adaptability to the environment. Species with B_i less than 0.4 were Trichomya hirsuta, Megabalanus volcano, Septiper excisus,Saccostrea kegaki,Mytilus coruscus and Chthamalus challengeri, indicating these species only appeared at very few resource sites and were weak in resource utilization. The niche overlap value(O_ik) of the dominant species was 0-0.96. The species with B_i greater than 0.70 had higher O_ik, and O_ik were all greater than 0.53. The species with B_i between 0.4-0.7 had O_ik among 0.34-0.66, while the species with B_i less than 0.4 had not necessarily lower O_ik, and their O_ik were among 0 and 0.69, indicating that the species with larger B_i had higher O_ik, but species with small B_i may have high or low O_ik.

Key words: macrozoobenthos, community structure, niche, interspecific competition

中图分类号:

Q958.8

彭欣, 张华伟, 唐久, 仇建标, 陈少波. 浙南岛屿岩相潮间带大型底栖动物优势种生态位研究[J]. 海洋学研究, 2021, 39(1): 79-85.

PENG Xin, ZHANG Huawei, TANG Jiu, QIU Jianbiao, CHEN Shaobo. Study on the niche of macrozoobenthic dominant species in the rocky intertidal zone of islands off sourthern Zhejiang[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2021, 39(1): 79-85.

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