Numerical simulation of the influence of submerged artificial structures on hydrodynamic characteristics and run-up of solitary waves over shore reefs

ZHU Lunjia; QU Ke; WANG Xu; WANG Chao; LI Tiankuo

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.010

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Journal of Marine Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1) : 107-121. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.010

Numerical simulation of the influence of submerged artificial structures on hydrodynamic characteristics and run-up of solitary waves over shore reefs

ZHU Lunjia ¹ ,
QU Ke ¹^,²^,³^,^* ,
WANG Xu ¹ ,
WANG Chao ¹ ,
LI Tiankuo ¹

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Abstract

Global warming has led to rising sea levels and weakened the ability of natural barriers such as coral reefs to withstand extreme disasters like hurricanes and tsunamis. Therefore, artificial barriers, such as seawalls or submerged structures, need to be deployed near coasts to effectively protect shoreline areas. This study aims to investigate the hydrodynamic effects of submerged artificial structures on the propagation and deformation of solitary waves over reefs through numerical simulation. A high-precision wave numerical flume was established using the non-hydrostatic model NHWAVE, and the model was validated with experimental data. The study focused on analyzing the impacts of factors such as incident wave height, reef flat water depth, slope of artificial structure, peak width of artificial structures, and slope of the fore reef on hydrodynamic characteristics of solitary waves. Results show that the presence of submerged artificial structure increases wave reflection coefficients and induces vortex formation between waves and water, and the complex flow field can effectively dissipate part of the incident wave energy, which has a mitigating effect on the amplitude and climbing height of the solitary wave. The results of this study can provide a valuable reference for the design of submerged artificial structures.

Key words

solitary wave / numerical simulation / shore reef / submerged artificial structure / non-hydrostatic model / hydrodynamic properties

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ZHU Lunjia , QU Ke , WANG Xu , et al . Numerical simulation of the influence of submerged artificial structures on hydrodynamic characteristics and run-up of solitary waves over shore reefs[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences. 2025, 43(1): 107-121 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.010

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Abstract

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Seawalls play an important role in protecting coastal towns from extreme waves damage. Based on two-dimensional incompressible two-phase flow numerical model, the influences of onshore wind on overtopping characteristics of solitary wave under coastal seawall were systematically studied in this paper. The reliability of the numerical model was verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data, and the influencing factors such as onshore wind speed, incident wave height, crest freeboards of the coastal seawall, beach slope and seawall slope on the hydrodynamic process of solitary wave overtopping of coastal seawalls were discussed in detail. The research results show that with the increase of onshore wind speed, incident wave height and the decrease of crest freeboards of the coastal seawall, the maximum overtopping volume, maximum runup height and spatial distributions of the maximum water elevation gradually increase. With the increase of beach slope and seawall slope, the maximum overtopping volume increase and decrease, respectively, while the maximum runup height gradually increase. Onshore wind can affect the hydrodynamic characteristics of solitary wave overtopping of coastal seawall, increase the wave steepness and the wave crest propagation speed and cause the wave breaking earlier. Compared with the windless condition, the maximum wave overtopping volume, maximum runup height, maximum hydrodynamic forces and spatial distributions of the maximum water elevation are increased under onshore wind. The results of this study can provide a reference for the design of coastal engineering.

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