南海南部流体运移系统与天然气水合物富集成藏

王修平; 杨鹏程; 刘方圆

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.005

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海洋学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1) : 47-56. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.005

研究论文

南海南部流体运移系统与天然气水合物富集成藏

作者信息 +

The fluid migration system and gas hydrate enrichment and accumulation in southern South China Sea

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摘要

位于南海南部的曾母-北康盆地,形成于复杂的地质构造背景下,发育了大量的油气藏和多类型的流体运移构造。地震资料表明南海南部由气烟囱、断层、管状通道、泥火山和泥底辟构成的流体运移系统,可能与水合物成藏相关,海底渗漏与似海底反射(bottom simulating reflector,简称BSR)指示了水合物存在的可能性。气烟囱形成自深部流体积聚导致的水力压裂,该水力压裂将流体运移至浅部,并且气烟囱与BSR相关,指示了水合物的富集。断层发育于深部,因与潜在烃源岩或储层相连,周围积聚了大量浅层气和水合物。麻坑是海底渗漏的指示性构造,也是冷泉水合物通常富集的区域。泥火山以及泥底辟的形成既导致了流体垂向运移,也引发了浅部地层变形和断层发育,因此其也是水合物的潜在富集区。另外,本文利用体积法对曾母-北康盆地天然气水合物的资源量进行了估算,结果表明资源量约为1.62×10¹³ m³。曾母-北康盆地具有很大的水合物资源潜力,是未来水合物勘探活动值得关注的区域。

Abstract

The Zengmu-Beikang Basin, located in the southern South China Sea, was formed under a complex geological background, with a large number of oil and gas reservoirs developed, and various types of fluid flow structures widely distributed. Seismic data indicate that the fluid flow system composed of gas chimneys, faults, tubular channels, mud volcanoes, and mud diapirs in the southern South China Sea may be related to the accumulation of gas hydrates. Seabed seepage and bottom simulating reflection (BSR) indicate the possible existence of gas hydrates. The formation of gas chimneys originates from hydraulic fracturing caused by deep oil-gas accumulation, which transports fluids to shallow areas. The gas chimneys are related to BSR, indicating the enrichment of gas hydrates. Faults developed in deep and were connected to potential source rocks or reservoirs, thus accumulating a large amount of shallow gas and gas hydrates around the faults. Pockmark is also an indicative structure for seabed seepage and an area where cold seepage gas hydrates are usually enriched. The formation of mud volcanoes and mud diapirs not only leads to vertical fluid migration, but also triggers the shallow strata deformation and fault development. Therefore, the development areas of mud volcanoes and mud diapirs are also potential areas for gas hydrate enrichment. In addition, this article uses the volume method to estimate the gas hydrate resources in the Zengmu-Beikang Basin in the southern South China Sea. The results show that the gas hydrate resources in the Zengmu-Beikang Basin are approximately 1.62×10¹³ m³. The Zengmu-Beikang Basin has strong potential for gas hydrate resources and is a region worthy of attention for future gas hydrate exploration activities.

导出引用

王修平, 杨鹏程, 刘方圆. 南海南部流体运移系统与天然气水合物富集成藏[J]. 海洋学研究. 2025, 43(1): 47-56 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.005

WANG Xiuping, YANG Pengcheng, LIU Fangyuan. The fluid migration system and gas hydrate enrichment and accumulation in southern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences. 2025, 43(1): 47-56 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.005

中图分类号： P744.4

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