基于无人机摄影测量的潮间带单波束测深空间插值精度评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对单波束测深数据插值模型精度验证困难等问题,利用潮间带潮汐规律,提出了一种基于高精度无人机数据验证插值模型精度的方法。在低潮时利用无人机摄影测量构建高精度潮间带数字表面模型,高潮时获取单波束测深数据并结合全球导航卫星系统技术计算得出潮间带地形点的三维坐标,使用克里金插值法、反距离权重法、规则样条函数法以及自然邻域法分别构建潮间带数字高程模型。以无人机数字表面模型数据为基准,分别对4种插值方法构建的潮间带数字高程模型进行精度分析。结果表明:1)后处理差分技术辅助无人机摄影测量可以构建高精度潮间带数字表面模型。2)在潮间带区域可以使用无人机数据作为单波束测深数据精度的评价标准。3)潮间带地形较为平坦时,规则样条函数法相比于其他3种插值方法精度更高,粗差率为12.5%。

关键词: 单波束测深, 规则样条函数法, 克里金插值法, 无人机, 潮间带, PPK

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of difficulty in verifying the accuracy of the interpolation model of single-beam bathymetric data, a method based on high-precision UAV data to verify the accuracy of the interpolation model was proposed by using the intertidal tidal law. At low tide, UAV photogrammetry was used to construct a high-precision digital surface model (DSM) of the intertidal zone, and at high tide, the single-beam bathymetry data was obtained and the three-dimensional coordinates of the intertidal topographic points were calculated by combining the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technology, and constructed an intertidal digital elevation model (DEM) by using the following 4 interpolation methods: Kriging, inverse distance weight, completely regularized spline and natural neighborhood interpolation method. Based on UAV data, the accuracy analysis of intertidal zone DEM was carried out. The results show that: (1) PPK technology-assisted UAV photogrammetry can construct high-precision intertidal zone DSM. (2) In the intertidal zone, UAV data can be used as an evaluation criterion for the accuracy of single-beam bathymetry data. (3) When the seabed topography is relatively flat, the completely regularized spline method has higher accuracy than the other three methods, and the coarse difference rate is 12.5%.

Key words: single-beam bathymetry, completely regularized spline, Kriging method, UAV, intertidal zone, PPK

中图分类号:

P229

马海波, 来向华, 胡涛骏, 傅晓明. 基于无人机摄影测量的潮间带单波束测深空间插值精度评估[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(1): 83-90.

MA Haibo, LAI Xianghua, HU Taojun, FU Xiaoming. Evaluation of intertidal single-beam bathymetric spatial interpolation accuracy based on UAV photogrammetry[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(1): 83-90.

图/表 7

图1 研究区域示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the study area

表1 单波束测深仪参数

Tab.1 Single-beam sounder parameters

规格型号	项目	技术指标
HY1601单频测深仪	工作频率	208 kHz
	分辨率	0.01 m
	最大水深	0.3~300 m
	测深精度	1 cm±0.1%×水深

图2 无人机摄影测量数据生成的潮间带数字正射影像(a)与数字表面模型(b)

Fig.2 The photogrammetry data of UAV generates an intertidal digital orthophoto (a) and a digital surface model (b)

表2 潮间带数字表面模型精度

Tab.2 Accuracy of intertidal digital surface model

特征点号/中误差	△x/m	△y/m	△z/m
1	-0.009	-0.001	-0.083
2	0.022	0.002	-0.018
3	-0.013	0.003	0.057
4	0.016	-0.004	0.033
5	0.020	-0.011	0.041
6	-0.016	-0.004	0.098
中误差	0.017	0.005	0.068

图3 无人机生成的数字表面模型与单波束测深数据水下地形点高程互差

Fig.3 Elevation difference of underwater terrain points among the digital surface model obtained by UAV and single-beam bathymetry method

图4 基于单波束测深数据使用4种插值方法构建的潮间带数字高程模型

Fig.4 Digital elevation model of the intertidal zone based on single-beam bathymetric data using four interpolation methods

图5 基于单波束测深数据使用4种插值方法构建的数字高程模型与无人机构建的数字表面模型中200个地形点的高程互差统计

Fig.5 Elevation difference statistics of 200 terrain points in the digital elevation model constructed by four interpolation methods based on single-beam bathymetric data and the digital surface model constructed by UAV

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