海洋学研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 99-108.DOI: 10.3969-j.issn.1001-909X.2022.03.009

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有机磷酸酯的污染特征、来源和生态风险:以南海北部湾表层沉积物为例

  

  1. 1.自然资源部第四海洋研究所 广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室,广西 北海 536000; 2.自然资源部第四海洋研究所 自然资源部热带海洋生态系统与生物资源重点实验室,广西 北海 536000; 3.自然资源部第二海洋研究所 自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,浙江 杭州310012; 4.北部湾大学 海洋学院,广西 钦州 535011
  • 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
  • 作者简介:张丽(1990—)，女，山东省临沂市人，助理研究员，主要从事海洋污染分析和污染生态研究，E-mail：zhangli@4io.org.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    广西自然科学基金青年基金项目(202GXNSFBA03557)；广西科技基地和人才专项项目（2021AC16035,2019AC17008）；北海市科技计划项目（北科合201995033）

Occurrences, sources and ecological risks of organophosphate esters: Case study for surface sediments in Beibu Gulf, South China Sea

  • Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-09-15

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摘要： 本文以南海北部湾海域为例，调查了34个表层沉积物样品中有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的污染水平和分布特征，并分析了OPEs可能的来源，最后采用风险熵值法对OPEs的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明，样品中共检出9种目标OPEs，总检出质量分数为<LOQ~35.1 ng·g-1，检出化合物单体主要以磷酸三苯酯(TPHP)、磷酸三正丁酯(TNBP)、磷酸三(2氯丙基)酯(TCIPP)和磷酸三(2氯)乙酯(TCEP) 为主。总体来看，远岸OPEs总检出质量分数高于近岸，且主要检出单体的质量分数也与近岸存在明显差别。造成上述差异的原因一方面可能与化合物自身的理化性质有关，亲脂性较高的TPHP和TNBP化合物可能更易累积在沉积物中。另一方面可能与来源有关，远岸以TPHP和TNBP为主的检出结果可能与海上油气开采和运输、海底光缆和输油管道铺设、船舶航运活动以及海流输运有关；而近岸主要检出的TCIPP和TCEP可能主要与城镇生活和工业污水排放以及海上养殖投料有关。表层沉积物中的OPEs生态风险评价结果表明，尽管绝大多数OPEs单体对水生生物的生态风险较低，但TPHP以及总OPEs对水生生物具有中等生态风险。因此，北部湾广西海域OPEs污染情况需要引起重视，尤其要高度关注近岸的TCIPP和TCEP，远岸的TPHP和TNBP的污染排放和管控，从源头减少污染。


关键词: 有机磷酸酯, 沉积物, 北部湾, 污染现状, 生态风险

Abstract: Taking Beibu Gulf, South China Sea as a case, the occurrence, source, and ecological risks of 12 organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in 34 surface sediment samples. The Σ12OPEs in the sediments ranged from <LOQ to 35.1 ng·g-1. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris (2-chloro-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were the dominant OPEs in the surface sediments. Generally, the total mass fraction of OPEs detected in sediments from the offshore was higher than that in the near shore, and the mass fraction for major OPEs were also different between the above two areas. On the one hand, the main reason might be related to their physiochemical properties. TPHP and TNBP compounds with higher lipophilicity might be more likely to accumulate in the sediments. On the other hand, it might be related to the source. For example, the OPEs detected in the offshore might be related to the oil exploitation and transportation, submarine optical cable and oil pipeline laying, shipping activities and the transportation of circulation in Beibu Gulf, while the discharge of life and industrial sewage as well as marine aquaculture might be the major sources for OPEs detected in the inshore area. Risk assessment revealed that most individual OPE could pose low ecological risks, but medium ecological risks of TPHP and the mixture of OPEs on aquatic organisms were found, which requires more attention. Therefore, the OPEs pollution situation in Beibu Gulf needs to be paid attention to, especially the pollution emission and control TCIPP and TCEP from inshore area, as well as TPHP and TNBP from offshore area, so as to reduce OPEs pollution from the source.


Key words: organophosphate esters (OPEs), sediment, Beibu Gulf, occurrence, ecological risk

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