北极冰下水平变化双声道波导声传播特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对北极部分海域中的双声道波导现象,研究了冰层覆盖下水平变化双声道波导中的声传播。使用微扰法推导并确定了粗糙下表面的冰层反射系数,结合Bellhop射线模型,计算并分析了实测海域中双声道波导水平变化时的声传播特性,并研究了声源深度、声源入射角以及声源频率对水平变化的双声道波导中声传播的影响规律。结果表明,在北极,深海声道中的声传播大多被限制在深海声道的上、下边缘之间;声源与水平变化的深海声道轴处于同一深度时声传播损失较小,当声源位于深海声道边界以外时,水平变化的声速剖面相比于水平不变时具有更低的声传播损失;入射角对双声道波导中声传播影响较小;随着声源频率的增加,表面声道中声传播损失也随之增大,但是对深海声道影响不明显,在相同频率下水平变化的声速剖面更利于声传播。

关键词: 双声道波导, 水平变化, 深海声道, 声道轴

Abstract:

Acoustic propagation in horizontally varying double duct waveguides under ice cover was investigated for the phenomenon of double duct waveguides in some Arctic seas. The ice reflection coefficients on the rough undersurface were derived and determined by the perturbation method, and the acoustic propagation characteristics of the horizontally varying double duct waveguide in the measured sea area were computed and analyzed by combining with the Bellhop ray model, and the influences of the depth of the sound source, the angle of incidence of the sound source and the frequency of the sound source on the acoustic propagation in the horizontally varying double duct waveguide were also investigated. The results show that in the Arctic, acoustic propagation in the deep-sea sound duct is mostly confined to the upper and lower edges of the deep-sea sound duct; the acoustic propagation loss is smaller when the sound source is at the same depth as the horizontally varying deep-sea sound duct axis, and the horizontally varying sound velocity profile has a lower acoustic propagation loss compared to the horizontally unchanged one when the sound source is located outside of the boundary of the deep-sea sound duct; the angle of incidence has a smaller effect on the acoustic propagation in the double duct waveguide; as the frequency of the sound source increases, the acoustic propagation loss in the surface duct increases, but the effect on the deep-sea duct is not obvious, and the horizontally varying sound velocity profile is more favorable for acoustic propagation at the same frequency.

Key words: double duct waveguide, horizontal variation, deep-sea sound channel, sound channel axis

中图分类号:

P733.21

柯磊, 吴绍维. 北极冰下水平变化双声道波导声传播特性[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(1): 47-57.

KE Lei, WU Shaowei. Acoustic propagation characteristics of horizontally varying double duct waveguides under Arctic ice[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(1): 47-57.

图/表 11

图1 冰层反射模型

Fig.1 Ice reflection model

图2 冰层反射系数

Fig.2 Ice reflection coefficient

图3 数据采集点分布 (箭头所指方向代表声速剖面水平分布方向。)

Fig.3 Distribution of data collection points (The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the horizontal distribution of the sound velocity profile.)

图4 A1点和B1点的温度、盐度和声速剖面 (图c中的蓝色虚线、橙色虚线分别为声速剖面A1、声速剖面B1的深海声道上、下边界的连线。)

Fig.4 Profile of temperature, salinity and speed of sound at point A1 and B1 (The blue dashed line and the orange dashed line in figure C are the lines connecting the upper and lower boundaries of the deep-sea acoustic channel for sound velocity profile A1 and sound velocity profile B1 respectively.)

图5 A1-A21、 B1-B15声速剖面 (A1-A21、B1-B15实际距离分别为202 km、199.2 km,为便于展示,在图中均显示为200 km。)

Fig.5 Sound velocity profiles of A1-A21, B1-B15 (The actual distances of A1-A21 and B1-B15 are 202 km and 199.2 km, respectively, which are shown as 200 km in this figure for the convenience of presentation.)

图6 声速剖面A和B水平不变与水平变化时的声传播损失对比

Fig.6 Comparison of acoustic propagation loss for sound velocity profiles A and B at constant level versus changing level

图7 声速剖面A在不同声源深度的声传播损失对比

Fig.7 Comparison of acoustic propagation loss of sound velocity profile A at different source depths

图8 声速剖面A、B在不同声源深度的声传播损失

Fig.8 Acoustic propagation loss of sound velocity profile A and B at different source depths

图9 声速剖面A在不同声源深度和声源入射角下的声传播损失

Fig.9 Acoustic propagation loss of sound velocity profile A at different source depths and source incidence angles

图10 声速剖面A水平不变和水平变化时不同频率声源的声传播损失

Fig.10 Acoustic propagation loss at different source frequencies for constant and varying levels of sound velocity profile A

图11 声速剖面A在不同声源深度和频率时的声传播损失

Fig.11 Acoustic propagation loss of sound velocity profile A at different source depths and frequencies

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