基于Argo数据研究南海上层海洋对超强台风“威马逊”(2014)的温盐响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.02.002

海洋学研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 14-27.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.02.002

基于Argo数据研究南海上层海洋对超强台风“威马逊”(2014)的温盐响应

俞杰¹^,²(), 张翰¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 陈大可¹^,²^,³^,⁴

1.卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012
2.自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012
3.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海 519082
4.上海交通大学海洋学院,上海 201100

收稿日期:2022-05-20 修回日期:2022-08-31 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-07-27
通讯作者: *张翰(1989—),男,副研究员,主要从事台风与海洋相互作用方面的研究,E-mail:zhanghan@sio.org.cn。
作者简介:俞杰(1996—),男,江苏省泰州市人,主要从事台风与海洋相互作用方面的研究,E-mail:yujie@sio.org.cn。
基金资助:
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)资助项目(SML2021SP207);国家自然科学基金项目(42176015);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(QNYC2002);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)创新团队建设项目(311021001);上海交通大学“深蓝计划”项目(SL2020MS032)

Upper ocean response to super typhoon Rammasun(2014) based on Argo data in the South China Sea

YU Jie¹^,²(), ZHANG Han¹^,²^,³^,^*(), CHEN Dake¹^,²^,³^,⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou 310012, China
2. Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
4. School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201100, China

Received:2022-05-20 Revised:2022-08-31 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-07-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用Argo浮标观测数据并结合卫星遥感及锚定浮标观测资料,对2014年超强台风“威马逊”引起的上层海洋温盐响应进行了分析和研究。结果显示,超强台风“威马逊”过境时会造成海表面温度冷却和混合层加深。通过计算混合长度和台风引起的垂向流速变化解释了次表层温度变化的原因:强混合作用和弱上升流作用致使次表层增温,反之次表层冷却。相比于温度的变化,盐度的响应更为复杂,台风引起的降水会先导致表层盐度降低,随后垂向混合引起表层盐度大幅增加,但是降水的作用能够极大地抑制这一过程;台风离境后,垂向混合减弱,强降水引起盐度大幅降低,甚至会使盐度低于台风过境前。

关键词: 超强台风, Argo, 温度, 盐度

Abstract:

Using Argo measured data combined with satellite remote sensing data and moored buoy data, the upper ocean temperature and salinity response caused by super typhoon Rammasun in 2014 was analyzed and studied. The result shows that super typhoon Rammasun resulted in cooling of sea surface temperature and deepening of mixing layer. Meanwhile, mixing length and vertical velocity induced by typhoon were calculated in this research, which explained the causes of temperature changes in the subsurface layer. Strong mixing and weak upwelling led to warming of the subsurface layer, whereas weak mixing and strong upwelling led to cooling of the subsurface layer. Compared with the change of temperature, the response of salinity was more complex. Precipitation first caused the decrease of surface salinity, and then vertical mixing led to a large increase of surface salinity. However, the effect of precipitation could greatly inhibit this process. After the typhoon departed, the vertical mixing was weakened, and the salinity was greatly reduced because of the heavy precipitation, it was even lower than that before the typhoon.

Key words: super typhoon, Argo, temperature, salinity

中图分类号:

P732.6

俞杰, 张翰, 陈大可. 基于Argo数据研究南海上层海洋对超强台风“威马逊”(2014)的温盐响应[J]. 海洋学研究, 2023, 41(2): 14-27.

YU Jie, ZHANG Han, CHEN Dake. Upper ocean response to super typhoon Rammasun(2014) based on Argo data in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(2): 14-27.

图/表 14

图1 超强台风“威马逊”的路径 (图中黑线代表台风轨迹,黑色加号表示Argo观测时所在位置,蓝色加号表示锚定浮标观测时所在位置。)

Fig.1 Track of super typhoon Rammasun (The black line represents typhoon’s track,the black plus signs represent positions of Argo at the typhoon’s arrival, the blue plus sign represents position of the moored buoy at the typhoon’s arrival.)

图2 卫星观测的7月15日—20日南海逐日海表面温度 (图中黑点代表该日中午12时台风的位置,黑线代表台风轨迹,后图同此。)

Fig.2 South China Sea daily SST observed by satellite from 15th to 20th of July (The black point represents the typhoon’s location at 12:00 UTC, the black line represents typhoon’s track, the following figures are the same.)

图3 “威马逊”引起的南海表面温度冷却

Fig.3 Sea surface temperature cooling in South China Sea caused by Rammasun

图4 7月13日—30日期间Argo记录的温度剖面(a~e)和Argo分布(f) (括号中数字代表观测日期相对于台风中心过境时间隔天数,负值代表过境前,正值代表过境后。)

Fig.4 Temperature profile observed by Argo from 13th to 30th of July (a-e) and distribution of Argo (f) (The numbers in brackets represent the days relative to the passage of the typhoon’s center,negative means before the typhoon’s arrival and positive means after the typhoon’s passage.)

图5 台风引起的惯性振荡周期

Fig.5 Inertial oscillations period caused by typhoon

表1 台风造成的等温层深度和温度变化(强迫阶段)

Tab.1 The changes of isothermal layer depth and temperature caused by typhoon (forcing phase)

Argo	台风过境前		台风过境后
Argo	等温层深度/m	等温层温度/℃	等温层深度/m	等温层温度/℃
A1(5903455)^①	41.3	29.739	21.1	29.100
A3(2901469)	31.1	29.992	51.1	29.025
A4(5903454)	18.7	30.477	44.8	29.130
A5(5902165)	21.2	30.774	24.7	29.482

图6 7月13日—30日期间Argo记录的盐度剖面(a~e)和argo分布(f) (括号中数字代表观测日期相对于台风中心过境时间隔天数,负值代表过境前,正值代表过境后。)

Fig.6 Salinity profile observed by Argo from 13th to 30th of July (a-e) and distribution of Argo (f) (The numbers in brackets represent the days relative to the passage of the typhoon’s center,negative means before the typhoon’s arrival and positive means after the typhoon’s passage.)

表2 台风造成的混合层和障碍层厚度变化(强迫阶段)

Tab.2 Changes of mixed layer depth and barrier layer thickness caused by typhoon (forcing phase)

Argo	台风过境前		台风过境后
Argo	混合层深度/m	障碍层厚度/m	混合层深度/m	障碍层厚度/m
A1(5903455)	16.1	25.2	16.6	4.5
A3(2901469)	25.3	5.8	35.4	15.7
A4(5903454)	18.7	0.0	30.9	13.9
A5(5902165)	16.0	5.2	24.7	0

表3 混合长度及净抬升距离

Tab.3 Mixing length and net lift distance

Argo	混合长度/m	净抬升距离^①/m
A1(5903455)	10.01	3.325
A3(2901469)	18.53	-1.669
A4(5903454)	14.37	4.268
A5(5902165)	15.45	-0.676

图7 7月16日—18日期间研究区域的垂向流速分布 (正值表示流速方向向上,负值表示流速方向向下。)

Fig.7 The distribution of vertical velocity of study area from 16th to 18th of July (Positive values represent upward velocity, negative values represent downward velocity.)

图8 7月15日—19日逐日降水量(a~e)和Argo分布(f)

Fig.8 Daily precipitation from 15th to 19th of July (a-e) and distribution of Argo (f)

图9 7月17日00:00 UTC—18日06:00 UTC 3 h平均降水量(a~k)和Argo分布(l)

Fig.9 Three-hour average precipitation from 00:00 UTC on 17th of July to 06:00 UTC on 18th of July (a-k) and distribution of Argo (l)

图10 7月15日—20日期间锚定浮标S1处温度、盐度和降水量的变化 (图中虚线表示台风过境时间。数据经过了半小时滑动平均处理。)

Fig.10 Temperature,salinity and precipitation changes of moored buoy S1 from 15th to 20th of July (Dashed line represents typhoon’s passage. Data has been smoothed with a 30-minute moving average.)

图11 7月20日—30日逐日降水量(a~k)和Argo分布(l)

Fig.11 Daily precipitation from 20th to 30th of July (a-k) and distribution of Argo (l)

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基于Argo数据研究南海上层海洋对超强台风“威马逊”(2014)的温盐响应

Upper ocean response to super typhoon Rammasun(2014) based on Argo data in the South China Sea

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