淹没式人工结构物对孤立波岸礁水动力特性和岸滩爬高影响的数值模拟

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.010

海洋学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 107-121.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.010

淹没式人工结构物对孤立波岸礁水动力特性和岸滩爬高影响的数值模拟

朱论嘉¹(), 屈科¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 王旭¹, 王超¹, 李天阔¹

1.长沙理工大学水利与海洋工程学院,湖南长沙 410114
2.洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙 410114
3.水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙 410114

收稿日期:2024-02-21 修回日期:2024-04-06 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-05-30
通讯作者: *屈科(1985—),男,副教授,主要从事计算水动力学、海岸工程、海洋/海岸多尺度流动方面的研究,E-mail: kqu@csust.edu.cn。
作者简介:朱论嘉(2005—),男,广东省韶关市人,主要从事波浪水动力方面的研究,E-mail:1546163941@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3103601);湖南省省级大学生创新创业训练计划(S202310536108)

Numerical simulation of the influence of submerged artificial structures on hydrodynamic characteristics and run-up of solitary waves over shore reefs

ZHU Lunjia¹(), QU Ke¹^,²^,³^,^*(), WANG Xu¹, WANG Chao¹, LI Tiankuo¹

1. School of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
2. Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
3. Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China

Received:2024-02-21 Revised:2024-04-06 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球变暖导致海平面上升,珊瑚礁等自然屏障抵御飓风和海啸等极端灾害的能力减弱,因此需在海岸附近布置海堤或淹没式人工结构物等人工屏障,以有效保护海岸。本文旨在通过数值模拟,探究淹没式人工结构物对孤立波在岸礁上的传播、变形等水动力特性的影响。采用非静压模型NHWAVE建立高精度波浪数值水槽,并通过实验数据验证模型,重点分析了入射波高、礁坪水深、人工结构物坡度、人工结构物峰宽及礁前斜坡坡度等因素对孤立波水动力特性的影响。研究表明,淹没式人工结构物会增大波浪反射系数,波浪与水体之间会形成漩涡结构,复杂的流场能有效耗散部分入射波能,从而减缓孤立波的波高和爬高。本文研究结果可为淹没式人工结构物的设计提供参考。

关键词: 孤立波, 数值模拟, 岸礁, 淹没式人工结构物, 非静压模型, 水动力特性

Abstract:

Global warming has led to rising sea levels and weakened the ability of natural barriers such as coral reefs to withstand extreme disasters like hurricanes and tsunamis. Therefore, artificial barriers, such as seawalls or submerged structures, need to be deployed near coasts to effectively protect shoreline areas. This study aims to investigate the hydrodynamic effects of submerged artificial structures on the propagation and deformation of solitary waves over reefs through numerical simulation. A high-precision wave numerical flume was established using the non-hydrostatic model NHWAVE, and the model was validated with experimental data. The study focused on analyzing the impacts of factors such as incident wave height, reef flat water depth, slope of artificial structure, peak width of artificial structures, and slope of the fore reef on hydrodynamic characteristics of solitary waves. Results show that the presence of submerged artificial structure increases wave reflection coefficients and induces vortex formation between waves and water, and the complex flow field can effectively dissipate part of the incident wave energy, which has a mitigating effect on the amplitude and climbing height of the solitary wave. The results of this study can provide a valuable reference for the design of submerged artificial structures.

Key words: solitary wave, numerical simulation, shore reef, submerged artificial structure, non-hydrostatic model, hydrodynamic properties

中图分类号:

U656.314

朱论嘉, 屈科, 王旭, 王超, 李天阔. 淹没式人工结构物对孤立波岸礁水动力特性和岸滩爬高影响的数值模拟[J]. 海洋学研究, 2025, 43(1): 107-121.

ZHU Lunjia, QU Ke, WANG Xu, WANG Chao, LI Tiankuo. Numerical simulation of the influence of submerged artificial structures on hydrodynamic characteristics and run-up of solitary waves over shore reefs[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2025, 43(1): 107-121.

图/表 22

图1 无人工结构物岸礁数值模拟计算域布置示意图

Fig.1 Calculation area layout of numerical simulation of shore reefs without artificial structure

图2 无人工结构物岸礁上不同位置测点自由液面的时间序列对比验证

Fig.2 Time series validation of water elevation at different wave gauges on shore reefs without artificial structure

图3 无人工结构物岸礁上孤立波爬高的时间序列对比验证

Fig.3 Time series validation of solitary wave run-up on shore reefs without artificial structure

图4 潜堤地形数值水槽计算域布置示意图

Fig.4 Calculation area layout of numerical flume for submerged embankment

图5 有潜堤岸礁上不同位置测点自由液面时间序列对比验证

Fig.5 Time series validation of water elevation at different wave gauges on a submerged dyke reef

图6 安装淹没式人工结构物岸礁数值水槽计算域布置示意图

Fig.6 Calculation area layout of numerical flume for shore reefs with submerged artificial structure

表1 数值模拟工况表

Tab.1 Parameter setup of numerical simulation

工况	入射波高/m	礁坪水深/m	结构物坡度	结构物峰宽/m	结构物峰高/m	礁前斜坡坡度	工况	入射波高/m	礁坪水深/m	结构物坡度	结构物峰宽/m	结构物峰高/m	礁前斜坡坡度
A1	0.063 45	0.040				1∶5	D4	0.105 75	0.080	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5
A2	0.084 60	0.040				1∶5	D5	0.105 75	0.100	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5
A3	0.105 75	0.040				1∶5	E1	0.105 75	0.040	1∶0.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5
A4	0.126 90	0.040				1∶5	E2	0.105 75	0.040	1∶0.75	0.040	0.360	1∶5
A5	0.148 05	0.040				1∶5	E3	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.75	0.040	0.360	1∶5
B1	0.063 45	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5	E4	0.105 75	0.040	1∶2.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5
B2	0.084 60	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5	F1	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.000	0.360	1∶5
B3	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5	F2	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.020	0.360	1∶5
B4	0.126 90	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5	F3	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.060	0.360	1∶5
B5	0.148 05	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5	F4	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.080	0.360	1∶5
C1	0.105 75	0.000				1∶5	G1	0.105 75	0.040				1∶3
C2	0.105 75	0.020				1∶5	G2	0.105 75	0.040				1∶4
C3	0.105 75	0.060				1∶5	G3	0.105 75	0.040				1∶6
C4	0.105 75	0.080				1∶5	G4	0.105 75	0.040				1∶7
C5	0.105 75	0.100				1∶5	H1	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶3
D1	0.105 75	0.000	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5	H2	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶4
D2	0.105 75	0.020	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5	H3	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶6
D3	0.105 75	0.060	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶5	H4	0.105 75	0.040	1∶1.25	0.040	0.360	1∶7

图7 波浪在有、无人工结构物岸礁上不同时刻的速度云图

Fig.7 Wave velocity clouds at different moments on shore reefs with and without artificial structure

图8 有、无人工结构物岸礁不同位置测点处自由液面的时间序列对比

Fig.8 Comparative time series of water elevation at different wave gauges on shore reefs with and without artificial structure

图9 有、无人工结构物岸礁不同测点处最大波高的空间分布

Fig.9 Distributions of maximum wave height along shore reefs with and without artificial structure

图10 有人工结构物岸礁上不同时刻的流场及涡量分布图

Fig.10 Flow field and vorticity distribution at different time instants along shore reefs with artificial structure

图11 有、无人工结构物岸礁上波浪爬高随时间的变化

Fig.11 Wave run-up temporal evolution on shore reefs with and without artificial structure

图12 有、无人工结构物时不同入射波高下最大波高的沿程分布

Fig.12 Along-track distributions of maximum wave heights along shore reefs with and without artificial structure under different incident wave heights

图13 不同入射波高下人工结构物附近局部波高最大降幅的变化

Fig.13 Variation of maximum drop in local wave height near artificial structure under different incident wave heights

图14 有、无人工结构物时不同礁坪水深下最大波高的沿程分布

Fig.14 Along-track distributions of maximum wave heights along shore reefs with and without artificial structure under different reef flat water depths

图15 不同礁坪水深下人工结构物附近局部波高最大降幅的变化

Fig.15 Variation of maximum drop in local wave height near artificial structure under different reef flat water depths

图16 不同人工结构物坡度下最大波高的沿程分布(a)和人工结构物附近局部波高最大降幅的变化(b)

Fig.16 Along-track distribution of maximum wave heights under different artificial structure slopes (a) and variation of maximum drop in local wave height in the vicinity of artificial structure (b)

图17 不同人工结构物峰宽下最大波高的沿程分布(a)和人工结构物附近局部波高最大降幅的变化(b)

Fig.17 Along-track distribution of maximum wave heights under different peak widths of artificial structure (a) and variation of maximum local wave height drop near artificial structure (b)

图18 有、无人工结构物时不同礁前斜坡坡度下最大波高的沿程分布

Fig.18 Along-track distribution of maximum wave heights along shore reef with and without artificial structure under different reef front slope gradients

图19 不同礁前斜坡坡度下人工结构物附近局部波高最大降幅的变化

Fig.19 Variation of maximum drop in local wave height near artificial structure with different reef front slope gradients

图20 有、无人工结构物时孤立波反射系数CR在不同工况条件下的变化

Fig.20 Variations of the reflection coefficient CR under different operating conditions on shore reefs with and without artificial structure

图21 有、无人工结构物时波浪最大爬高在不同工况条件下的变化

Fig.21 Variation of the maximum wave run-up Rup,max under different operating conditions on shore reefs with and without artificial structure

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淹没式人工结构物对孤立波岸礁水动力特性和岸滩爬高影响的数值模拟

Numerical simulation of the influence of submerged artificial structures on hydrodynamic characteristics and run-up of solitary waves over shore reefs

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