海洋学研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 83-92.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2016.02.011

• 研究报道 • 上一篇    下一篇

洞头列岛及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落结构的研究

贾胜华1,2, 曾江宁*1,2, 廖一波1,2, 寿鹿1,2, 黄伟1,2, 高爱根1,2, 汤雁滨1,2   

  1. 1.国家海洋局 海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012;
    2.国家海洋局 第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-23 修回日期:2016-03-08 出版日期:2016-06-15 发布日期:2022-11-24
  • 通讯作者: * 曾江宁(1975-),男,研究员,主要从事海洋生态学方面的研究。E-mail:jiangningz@126.com;zjn@sio.org.cn
  • 作者简介:贾胜华(1990-),男,河南平顶山市人,主要从事海洋生态学及大型底栖动物方面的研究。E-mail:jiashenghuahh@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家海洋公益性行业科研专项项目资助(201305009,201305043,201405007,201505004-3);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项项目资助(JG1311,JG1312)

Research on macrozoobenthic community structure in Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area

JIA Sheng-hua1,2, ZENG Jiang-ning*1,2, LIAO Yi-bo1,2, SHOU Lu1,2, HUANG Wei1,2, GAO Ai-gen1,2, TANG Yan-bin1,2   

  1. 1. Key laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China;
    2. Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • Received:2015-12-23 Revised:2016-03-08 Online:2016-06-15 Published:2022-11-24

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摘要： 为了解洞头列岛及邻近海域大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,于2015年4月在该海域布设35个站位进行大型底栖动物调查采样,并获取相关环境资料,分析了该海域大型底栖动物的群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。共鉴定出大型底栖动物122种,其中多毛类57种,甲壳动物34种,软体动物19种,棘皮动物5种,其它类动物7种。各调查站位大型底栖动物物种数目在1~22种之间,瓯江口附近站位物种数较少。大型底栖动物平均生物量为3.35 g/m2,平均栖息密度为321个/m2。多毛类具有种数上的优势,软体动物具有生物量和密度上的优势。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数的平均值分别为1.29、2.45和0.66。通过聚类分析和多维尺度排序分析将该海域大型底栖动物划分为3个群落:异蚓虫-薄云母蛤-绒毛细足蟹-不倒翁虫群落(群落Ⅰ),薄云母蛤-异蚓虫-双鳃内卷齿蚕-不倒翁虫群落(群落Ⅱ)和其他群落(群落Ⅲ)。典范对应分析表明,影响大型底栖动物群落的主要环境因子有底层海水的温度、盐度、活性磷酸盐、活性硅酸盐、溶解性无机氮、化学需氧量以及表层沉积物中的总有机碳等。ABC曲线分析结果表明,大型底栖动物群落受到了一定程度的扰动,但基本稳定。与历史资料相比,大型底栖动物的栖息密度和生物量均无明显变化,种类组成由以多毛类和软体动物为主转变为以多毛类和甲壳动物为主,且个体较大的棒锥螺大量死亡。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 群落结构, 生物多样性, 环境因子, 洞头列岛及邻近海域

Abstract: Based on the macrozoobenthos and environmental materials from 35 stations in Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area investigated in April 2015, the characteristics of macrozoobenthic community structure and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. Results show that a total of 122 species are identified, including 57 species of Polytraeta, 34 species of Crustacea, 19 species of Mollusca, 5 species of Echinodermata and 7 others species. The number of species is about 1~22 at each station, with lower values of species number concentrated in Oujiang River Estuary. The average biomass of macrozoobenthos is 3.35 g/m2, and the average inhabited density is 321 ind/m2. Polytraeta has an advantage on the species compositions, while Mollusca has the more advantages on the biomass and abundance. The average of Shannon-Wiener index(H′) is 1.29, the average of Margalef's species richness index (d) is 2.45, and the average of Pielou's evenness index (J′) of species is 0.66. By species similarity cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling ordination analysis, three communities of macrozoobenthos can be divided in Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area, those are: Heteromastus filiforms-Yoldia similis-Raphidopus ciliatus-Sternaspis scutata (Community Ⅰ), Yoldia similis-Heteromastus filiforms-Aglaophamus dibranchis-Sternaspis scutata (Community Ⅱ), and others (Community Ⅲ ). Canonical correspondence analysis show that the sea water temperature, water salinity, activated phosphate, activated silicate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and the total organic carbon in surface sediment are the main environmental factors affecting the macrozoobenthic community. The ABC curves indicate that the macrozoobenthic communities in Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area have suffered contamination or have disturbed to a certain degree. Compared with historical data, the average biomass and abundance of macrozoobenthos have not obviously changed. The dominant organism of the species compositions are Polytraeta and Crustacea, instead of Polytraeta and Mollusca, and the number of Turritella bacillum in the area has obviously declined.

Key words: macrozoobenthos, community structure, species diversity, environmental factor, Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area

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