长江口海域表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2014.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对长江口外海域187个表层沉积物样品进行常量元素氧化物(SiO₂,Al₂O₃,Fe₂O₃,MgO,CaO,Na₂O,K₂O,P₂O₅,TiO₂,MnO,TOC和 CaCO₃)测试,分析其空间分布特征及其地质意义。结果显示,研究区表层沉积物常量元素氧化物主要由SiO₂,Al₂O₃,Fe₂O₃,MgO,CaO,Na₂O,K₂O和TiO₂等组成,这8种组分约占沉积物总量的91.59%;其中SiO₂和Al₂O₃含量最高,平均值分别为62.43%和11.16%。R型因子分析结果表明,研究区表层沉积物的常量元素氧化物可以分为3类:第1类包括SiO₂,Al₂O₃,Fe₂O₃,MgO,P₂O₅,TiO₂和MnO;第2类包括CaO,K₂O,CaCO₃和TOC;第3类包括Na₂O,这3类可能分别代表了陆源碎屑沉积、海洋生物和陆源混合沉积以及海洋化学沉积。Al₂O₃/Na₂O和CIA的空间分布较为相似,指示了长江入海物质主要堆积在长江口及其以南的123.5°E以西海域,闽浙冬季沿岸流是其主要驱动力。

关键词: 长江口, 沉积物, 常量元素, R型因子分析

Abstract: Major elements (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, P₂O₅, TiO₂, MnO, TOC and CaCO₃) of 187 surface sediments from Changjiang River Estuary have been tested to analyze the spatial distribution character and geological significance. The results indicate that the major element oxides are mainly composed of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O and TiO₂, which account for 91.59%. SiO₂ has the highest content in this area with the average content up to 62.43% . Al₂O₃has the second highest content of 11.16%. R-factor analysis indicates that the major element oxides of surface sediments can be classified into three groups: the first group includes SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, P₂O₅, TiO₂and MnO; the second group includes CaO, K₂O, CaCO₃ and TOC and the third one includes Na₂O, which possibly represent the terrigenous sediment, the mixture of marine biologic sediment and terrigenous sediment, as well as the marine chemical sediment. Similar spatial distribution of Al₂O₃/Na₂O and CIA indicates that the materials are mainly derived from Changjiang River and accumulated in the estuary and its southern area, especially in the west of 123.5°E area. The main driving force is Min-Zhe Coastal Current in the study area.

Key words: Changjiang River Estuary, sediment, major element, R-factor analysis

中图分类号:

P736.4

密蓓蓓, 蓝先洪, 张志珣, 刘升发. 长江口海域表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义[J]. 海洋学研究, 2014, 32(1): 82-89.

MI Bei-bei, LAN Xian-hong, ZHANG Zhi-xun, LIU Sheng-fa. Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of major elements of surface sediments from Changjiang River Estuary[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2014, 32(1): 82-89.

参考文献

[1] LIU Sheng-fa, SHI Xue-fa, LIU Yan-guang ,et al. Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of major elements in surface sediments form the inner continental shelf mud area of the East China Sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2010,28(1):80-86.
刘升发,石学法,刘焱光,等.东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义[J].海洋科学进展,2010,28(1):80-86.
[2] State Oceanic Administration People's Repulic of China. Annual bulletin of marine environmental quality of China[R].Beijing: State Oceanic Administration People's Repulic of China,2003-2005.
国家海洋局.2003—2005年中国海洋环境质量公报[R].北京:国家海洋局,2003-2005.
[3] SUN Xiao-gong, FANG Ming, HUANG Wei. Spatial and temporal variations in suspended particulate matter transport on the Yellow and East China Sea shelf[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2000,31(6):581-587.
孙效功,方明,黄伟.黄东海陆架区悬浮体输运的时空变化规律[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(6):581-587.
[4] ZHANG Xiao-yu, ZHANG Fu-yuan, GAO Ai-gen, et al. Distribution and source tracing implication of rare earth elements in surface sediments of Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent continental Shelf[J]. Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society,2009,27(2):282-288.
张霄宇,张富元,高爱根,等.稀土元素在长江口及邻近陆架表层沉积物中的分布及物源示踪研究[J].中国稀土学报,2009,27(2):282-288.
[5] QIN Yun-shan, ZHAO Yi-yang, CHEN Li-rong, et a1.Geology of the East China Sea[M].Beijing: Science Press,1987.
秦蕴珊,赵一阳,陈丽蓉,等.东海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[6] WANG Guo-qing, SHI Xue-fa, LIU Yan-guang, et al. Grain-size trend analysis on the south branch of the Changjiang Estuary in China and its implication to sediment transportation[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(6):161-166.
王国庆,石学法,刘焱光,等.粒径趋势分析对长江南支口外沉积物输运的指示意义[J].海洋学报,2007,29(6):161-166.
[7] YANG Jing-hong, WANG Ying, ZHANG Zhen-ke, et al.Major element records of land-sea interaction and evolution in the past 2.58 Ma from Baoying borehole sediments, northern Jiangsu plain, China[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(3):340-352.
杨兢红,王颖,张振克,等.苏北平原2.58Ma以来的海陆环境演变历史——宝应钻孔沉积物的常量元素记录[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(3):340-352.
[8] CHEN Hong, LIU jian, WANG Hong-bin. Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of major elements in surface sediments in QiongDongnan areas[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2007,6(27):39-45.
陈弘,刘坚,王宏斌.琼东南海域表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,6(27):39-45.
[9] LIU Guang-hu, LI Jun, CHEN Dao-hua , et al. Geochemistry of surface sediments in the Taixinan(southwestern Taiwan) Sea area in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2006,5(26):61-68.
刘广虎,李军,陈道华,等.台西南海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,5(26):61-68.
[10] FAN De-jiang, YANG Zuo-sheng, MAO Deng, et al. Clay minerals and geochemistry of the sediments form the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2001,21(4):7-12.
范德江,杨作升,毛登,等.长江与黄河沉积物中粘土矿物及地化成分的组成[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(4):7-12.
[11] ZHAO Yi-yang, YAN Ming-cai. Geochemistry of sediments of the China shelf sea[M].Beijing: Science Press,1994.
赵一阳,鄢明才.中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[12] SAWYER E W. The influence of source rock type, sorting on the chemical weathering of clastic sediments from the Quatico mata sedimentary belt, Superior Province, Canada[J]. Chemical Geol,1986,55(1-2):77-95.
[13] NESBITT H W, MARKOVICS G, PRICE R C. Chemical processes affecting alkalis and alkaline earths during continental weathering[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1980,44(11):1 659-1 666.
[14] NESBITT H W, YOUNG G M. Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles[J]. The Journal of Geology,1989,97(2):129-147.
[15] NESBITT H W, YOUNG G M. Petrogenesis of sediments in the absence of chemical weathering: Effects of abrasion and sorting on bulk composition and mineralogy[J]. Sedimentology,1996,43(2):341-358.
[16] WEN Qi-zhong, DIAO Gui-yi, JIA Rong-fen, et al. Geochemical indicators and their significance in paleoclimatic changes in Weinan loess section since the last interglacial[J]. Geochimica(in Chinese),1996,25(6):529-535.
文启忠,刁桂仪,贾蓉芬,等.末次间冰期以来渭南黄土剖面地球化学指标所反映的古气候变化[J].地球化学,1996,25(6):529-535.
[17] DELANEY M L, LINN L J, DRUFFEL R M. Seasonal cycles of manganese and cadrnium in coral from the Galapagos Islands[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993,57(2):347-354.
[18]NYAKAIRU G W A, KOEBERL C. Mineralogical and chemical composition and distribution of rare earth elements in clay-rich sediments from central Uganda[J].Geochemical Journal,2000,35:13-28.
[19] YOUNG G M, NESBITT H W. The chemical index of alteration as a palaeoclimatic proxy, new and refined proxies in palaeoceanography and palaeoclimatology: Abstracts for EUG XI[C]//Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Publications, the Conference Company,2001:108.
[20] YAN Wen, GU Sen-chang, CHEN Zhong, et al. Characteristics of major elements of sediments in core 97-37 from Southern South China Sea and potential implications to paleoenvironment[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2002,21(2):75-83.
颜文,古森昌,陈忠,等.南海97-37柱样的主元素特征及其潜在的古环境指示作用[J].热带海洋学报,2002,21(2):75-83.
[21] NESBITT H W, YOUNG G M. Early proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J]. Nature,1982,299(21):715-717.
[22] YANG Shou-ye ,Li Cong-xian. Characteristic element compositions of the Yangze and the Yellow river sediments and their geological background[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,1999,19(2):19-26.
杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河沉积物元素组成及地质背景[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):19-26.
[23] ZHU Yao-hua,Fang Guo-hong.A three-dimension overbalance pressure model of continental shelf and offshore circuit and its application in the Bohai, Yellow sea and East China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1994,16(6):11-26.
朱耀华,方国洪.陆架和浅海环流的一个三维正压模式及其在渤、黄、东海的应用[J].海洋学报,1994,16(6):11-26.
[24] LIU Sheng-fa, LIU Yan-guang, ZHU Ai-mei, et al. Grain size trends and net transport patterns of surface[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2005,25(3):15-24.
刘升发,刘焱光,朱爱美,等.东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(3):15-24.
[25] HAN Jian-cheng, LI Li, CHEN Qi-ming, et al. The quantitative analysis of the major elements and relative phase morphology of sediments from outer Changjiang River[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1996,18(4):49-55.
韩建成,李莉,陈启明,等.长江口沉积物中常量元素及有关形态物相定量分析研究[J].海洋学报,1996,18(4):49-55.