深海多金属结核与周围沉积物中的微生物群落结构特征及其功能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.004

海洋学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 34-46.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.01.004

深海多金属结核与周围沉积物中的微生物群落结构特征及其功能

何心怡¹^,²^,³(), 刘倩²^,⁴, 李小虎¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 李正刚²^,³, 王浩²^,³, 朱志敏²^,³, 李怀明²^,³

1.海底科学与划界全国重点实验室,上海交通大学海洋学院,上海 200240
2.海底科学与划界全国重点实验室,自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012
3.自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012
4.自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012

收稿日期:2024-04-09 修回日期:2024-05-24 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-05-30
通讯作者: *李小虎(1979—),男,研究员,主要从事海底资源勘查、评价和成矿理论研究,E-mail: xhli@sio.org.cn。
作者简介:何心怡(1998—),女,四川省德阳市人,主要从事多金属结核微生物成矿作用研究,E-mail:xinyihe1129@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U2244222);国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2811305)

Microbial community structure and function in deep-sea polymetallic nodules and surrounding sediments

HE Xinyi¹^,²^,³(), LIU Qian²^,⁴, LI Xiaohu¹^,²^,³^,^*(), LI Zhenggang²^,³, WANG Hao²^,³, ZHU Zhimin²^,³, LI Huaiming²^,³

1. State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
4. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China

Received:2024-04-09 Revised:2024-05-24 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深海多金属结核和沉积物中赋存丰富的微生物,研究其群落结构特征和功能对认识深海微生物基因资源和微生物成矿作用具有重要的科学意义。目前,对于深海多金属结核分布区的结核内部及结核周围沉积物的细菌群落多样性和结构特征的研究较少,特别是对微生物参与多金属结核成矿的认识十分有限。本研究利用16S rRNA全长测序技术获得了太平洋区域不同类型多金属结核与周围沉积物中的细菌群落组成,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析观察到类细菌微球结构以及结构表面的金属元素分布。研究结果表明:细菌群落组成在不同结核和沉积物中存在差异,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势门类。有些功能类群可能因具备金属氧化还原或生物膜生成能力而参与了多金属结核成矿过程,如能够驱动结核锰元素循环和锰矿物形成的希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)和科尔韦尔氏菌属(Colwellia)。类细菌微球结构能够促进金属元素在其表面聚集,可能为矿物沉淀提供了位点。研究进一步深化了关于微生物功能及其与矿物相互作用的认识,对于认识深部生命圈的生物地球化学循环和微生物成矿过程具有积极意义。

关键词: 多金属结核, 深海沉积物, 16S rRNA测序, 扫描电镜, 细菌多样性, 群落结构, 功能细菌, 太平洋

Abstract:

Deep-sea sediments and polymetallic nodules are rich habitats for microorganisms. Exploring their community structure and functionality is crucial for understanding microbial genetic resources and their role in mineral formation. Current research on the bacterial diversity and structure within the nodules and surrounding sediments is limited, especially regarding microbial contributions to nodule formation. Using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing, we analyzed the bacterial composition of various nodule types and surrounding sediments in the Pacific Ocean. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed bacterial-like microsphere structures and metal element distribution on their surfaces. The bacterial community composition varied among different nodules and sediments, with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominating. Functional groups like Shewanella and Colwellia, known for metal oxidation-reduction and biofilm formation, may contribute to nodule formation. These microsphere structures promoted metal aggregation, potentially serving as mineral precipitation sites. This study enhanced our understanding of microbial functions and mineral interactions, crucial for insights into deep-sea biogeochemical cycles and microbial mineralization.

Key words: polymetallic nodules, deep-sea sediments, 16S rRNA sequencing, scanning electron microscopy, bacterial diversity, community structure, functional bacteria, Pacific Ocean

中图分类号:

X172
P744.3

何心怡, 刘倩, 李小虎, 李正刚, 王浩, 朱志敏, 李怀明. 深海多金属结核与周围沉积物中的微生物群落结构特征及其功能[J]. 海洋学研究, 2025, 43(1): 34-46.

HE Xinyi, LIU Qian, LI Xiaohu, LI Zhenggang, WANG Hao, ZHU Zhimin, LI Huaiming. Microbial community structure and function in deep-sea polymetallic nodules and surrounding sediments[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2025, 43(1): 34-46.

图/表 9

图1 西太平洋与东太平洋采样点地理位置

Fig.1 Locations of sampling sites in the western and eastern Pacific Ocean

图2 结核样品主要形态与对应薄片的外观 (a~d: 西太平洋M2-BC78站位所采结核样品及其对应的薄片;e~h:东太平洋KW1-BC05站位所采结核样品及其对应的薄片。)

Fig.2 Main morphologies of nodule samples and the appearance of corresponding thin sections (a-d: Morphologies and corresponding thin sections of nodule samples collected at M2-BC78 site from the western Pacific; e-h: Morphologies and corresponding thin sections of nodule samples collected at KW1-BC05 site from the eastern Pacific.)

表1 细菌序列信息与多样性指数

Tab.1 Bacterial sequence information and diversity index

项目	西太平洋M2-MC02站		东太平洋KW1-MC04站
项目	结核 (WNAt)	沉积物 (WSA)	结核 (ENBt)	沉积物 (ESB)
序列数/条	10 319	9 535	11 553	6 862
OTU数/个	960	1 169	893	1 065
ACE	1 024	1 490	1 201	1 512
Shannon指数	8.38	8.45	6.26	7.45
覆盖率/%	99	99	99	99

图3 结核与沉积物中细菌的OTU分布

Fig.3 Distribution of bacterial OTUs in nodules and sediments

图4 样品稀释曲线

Fig.4 Sample rarefaction curves

图5 东、西太平洋结核和沉积物中的细菌群落组成 (“未分配”代表无法明确分类到已知属的序列集合,“未培养”代表无法通过传统培养方法从环境中培养的属集合。)

Fig.5 Bacterial community composition in nodules and sediments of the eastern and western Pacific Ocean (“unassigned” represents a collection of sequences that cannot be definitively classified into known genera, “uncultured” represents a collection of genera that cannot be cultivated from the environment using traditional cultivation methods.)

图6 属水平(前30位)物种相对丰度平均聚类热图 (图中颜色代表属在样品中的富集程度,颜色越红表示富集程度越大;“未分配”代表无法明确分类到已知属的序列集合,“未培养”代表无法通过传统培养方法从环境中培养的属集合。)

Fig.6 Relative abundance average clustering heatmap at the genus level (top 30) (The color in the figure signifies the degree of enrichment of the genus within the sample, with deeper red hues indicating a higher level of enrichment. “unassigned” represents a collection of sequences that cannot be definitively classified into known genera, “uncultured” represents a collection of genera that cannot be cultivated from the environment using traditional cultivation methods.)

图7 结核内部构造(BSE模式)

Fig.7 Internal structures of nodules (BSE mode)

图8 结核内微球结构及对应点位的能量色散光谱(EDS)结果 (a~b:西太平洋结核中的微球结构和EDS结果;c~d:东太平洋结核中的微球结构和EDS结果。)

Fig.8 Microsphere structures in the nodules and corresponding energy dispersive spectroscopy results (a-b: Microsphere structures and corresponding EDS results in the western Pacific nodules; c-d: Microsphere structures and corresponding EDS results in the eastern Pacific nodules.)

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深海多金属结核与周围沉积物中的微生物群落结构特征及其功能

Microbial community structure and function in deep-sea polymetallic nodules and surrounding sediments

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