绿色石化项目邻近海域表层沉积物PAHs分布及年际变化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估绿色石化项目运营前后的环境变化,于2018—2021年连续4年对项目所在地鱼山岛邻近海域的表层沉积物多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了调查。结果表明,PAHs含量为16.9~178.0 μg·kg^-1,平均值为75.9±24.0~102.6±41.4 μg·kg^-1,4年来整体呈下降趋势,与国内其他海区相比,总体含量较低;各组分平均值为4环PAHs>5环PAHs>3环PAHs>6环PAHs>2环PAHs。调查海域表层沉积物以粉砂为主,PAHs的空间分布受到多种因素的综合影响。调查海域PAHs来源相对稳定,年际差异较小,主要来源于石油、木柴、煤炭等燃烧产物的远距离迁移。依据沉积物质量基准法评价,调查海域沉积物PAHs生态风险水平较低。绿色石化项目在建设期及投产期未引起邻近海域沉积物PAHs的增加,但随着项目持续运营,其对周边生态环境的影响需持续关注。

关键词: 绿色石化项目, 沉积物, PAHs, 分布

Abstract:

To evaluate the environmental changes before and after the operation of the green petrochemical project, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments of the adjacent sea area of Yushan Island where the project is located, were investigated and monitored for four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021. The results showed the total PAHs contents ranged from 16.9 to 178.0 μg·kg^-1 with the average content of 75.9±24.0-102.6±41.4 μg·kg^-1, showing an overall downward trend over the past four years, with a lower overall concentration compared to other sea areas in China. The average content of different PAHs components in the investigated surface sediments from high to low were: 4 rings PAHs, 5 rings PAHs, 3 rings PAHs, 6 rings PAHs and 2 rings PAHs. The surface sediments of the surveyed sea area was mainly composed of silt, and the spatial distribution of PAHs was influenced by various factors. The sources of PAHs in the surveyed sea area were relatively stable, with small interannual differences, mainly originating from the long-distance migration of combustion products of substances such as oil, firewood, and coal. According to the sediments quality baseline method evaluation, the ecological risk level of PAHs in the surveyed sea area sediments was relatively low. The green petrochemical project did not cause an increase in PAHs of sediments in adjacent sea areas during the construction and production periods. However, as the project continues to operate, its impact on the surrounding ecological environment still needs to be continuously monitored.

Key words: green petrochemical project, sediments, PAHs, distribution

中图分类号:

X131

任世军, 张立, 王红光, 张庆红, 庄彤辉, 魏娜, 宋继红, 程露娴, 王悠, 母清林. 绿色石化项目邻近海域表层沉积物PAHs分布及年际变化[J]. 海洋学研究, 2023, 41(3): 83-91.

REN Shijun, ZHANG Li, WANG Hongguang, ZHANG Qinghong, ZHUANG Tonghui, WEI Na, SONG Jihong, CHENG Luxian, WANG You, MU Qinglin. Distribution and interannual changes of PAHs in surface sediments from the adjacent waters of the green petrochemical project[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(3): 83-91.

图/表 10

图1 研究区及采样站位图

Fig.1 Study area and sampling sites

表1 调查海域表层沉积物中PAHs含量

Tab.1 PAHs contents in surface sediments of survey areas

PAHs	苯环个数/个	含量/(μg·kg^-1)
PAHs	苯环个数/个	2018年	2019年	2020年	2021年
$∑$ PAHs	—	27.8~163.0 (89.7±38.5)	27.5~149.0 (102.6±41.4)	24.7~178.0(79.0±40.4)	16.9~114.0 (75.9±24.0)
Nap	2	1.4~7.9 (4.4±1.8)	1.2~11.9 (6.3±3.5)	ND~16.1 (5.4±6.4)	0.4~5.4 (2.8±1.4)
Acy	3	ND~1.3 (0.6±0.3)	0.2~3.0 (0.9±0.7)	ND~20.3 (4.2±6.4)	0.2~1.5 (0.8±0.4)
Act	3	0.3~2.8 (1.3±0.7)	ND~1.9 (0.9±0.4)	ND~1.4 (0.7±0.3)	0.1~0.9 (0.6±0.2)
Flu	3	1.6~4.6 (2.7±0.8)	0.6~4.7 (2.4±1.2)	0.8~3.7 (1.9±0.8)	0.6~3.3 (1.7±0.6)
Phe	3	5.5~17.6 (10.8±3.9)	2.5~16.5 (9.9±4.2)	2.9~16.8 (8.5±3.5)	2.0~18.1 (8.6±3.8)
Ant	3	0.6~4.0 (2.1±0.9)	0.5~5.9 (2.4±1.4)	0.6~3.9 (1.8±1.0)	0.5~3.5 (2.1±1.0)
Fla	4	4.2~19.8 (10.7±4.5)	2.7~16.0 (10.3±4.3)	3.9~20.1 (9.8±4.1)	2.5~14.4 (10.0±3.0)
Pyr	4	2.6~16.8 (8.7±4.0)	2.2~14.7 (8.9±3.9)	2.8~20.1 (8.5±4.5)	2.1~13.6 (9.1±2.8)
BaA	4	0.8~7.7 (4.1±2.0)	0.8~4.9 (3.3±1.4)	0.9~6.4 (2.8±1.5)	0.7~6.4 (3.7±1.4)
Chr	4	2.5~17.9 (10.0±4.6)	3.0~17.7 (12.0±4.8)	2.4~16.4 (8.1±3.6)	1.1~11.5 (6.5±2.4)
BbF	5	3.0~13.0 (7.9±3.0)	6.1~29.2 (20.3±8.1)	2.6~15.5 (7.3±3.4)	2.4~13.5 (9.1±2.7)
BkF	5	1.0~14.6 (7.5±3.9)	1.2~10.1 (4.8±2.3)	1.0~7.6 (3.7±1.8)	0.9~6.4 (3.9±1.3)
BaP	5	0.8~10.4 (5.4±2.7)	1.0~9.3 (6.1±2.9)	1.4~15.4 (5.7±3.7)	0.8~11.7 (6.4±2.9)
DBA	5	0.5~3.7 (2.0±0.9)	0.3~2.9 (1.6±0.8)	0.3~3.2 (1.2±0.8)	0.3~2.3 (1.0±0.5)
InP	6	1.3~10.1 (5.4±2.5)	2.0~14.2 (6.7±3.4)	1.7~13.4 (5.5±3.0)	1.0~6.7 (4.2±1.4)
BgP	6	1.9~10.8 (6.4±2.6)	1.7~9.0 (6.0±2.6)	3.3~14.7 (6.6±2.9)	1.3~6.9 (4.9±1.4)

表1 调查海域表层沉积物中PAHs含量

Tab.1 PAHs contents in surface sediments of survey areas

PAHs	苯环个数/个	含量/(μg·kg^-1)
PAHs	苯环个数/个	2018年	2019年	2020年	2021年
$∑$ PAHs	—	27.8~163.0 (89.7±38.5)	27.5~149.0 (102.6±41.4)	24.7~178.0(79.0±40.4)	16.9~114.0 (75.9±24.0)
Nap	2	1.4~7.9 (4.4±1.8)	1.2~11.9 (6.3±3.5)	ND~16.1 (5.4±6.4)	0.4~5.4 (2.8±1.4)
Acy	3	ND~1.3 (0.6±0.3)	0.2~3.0 (0.9±0.7)	ND~20.3 (4.2±6.4)	0.2~1.5 (0.8±0.4)
Act	3	0.3~2.8 (1.3±0.7)	ND~1.9 (0.9±0.4)	ND~1.4 (0.7±0.3)	0.1~0.9 (0.6±0.2)
Flu	3	1.6~4.6 (2.7±0.8)	0.6~4.7 (2.4±1.2)	0.8~3.7 (1.9±0.8)	0.6~3.3 (1.7±0.6)
Phe	3	5.5~17.6 (10.8±3.9)	2.5~16.5 (9.9±4.2)	2.9~16.8 (8.5±3.5)	2.0~18.1 (8.6±3.8)
Ant	3	0.6~4.0 (2.1±0.9)	0.5~5.9 (2.4±1.4)	0.6~3.9 (1.8±1.0)	0.5~3.5 (2.1±1.0)
Fla	4	4.2~19.8 (10.7±4.5)	2.7~16.0 (10.3±4.3)	3.9~20.1 (9.8±4.1)	2.5~14.4 (10.0±3.0)
Pyr	4	2.6~16.8 (8.7±4.0)	2.2~14.7 (8.9±3.9)	2.8~20.1 (8.5±4.5)	2.1~13.6 (9.1±2.8)
BaA	4	0.8~7.7 (4.1±2.0)	0.8~4.9 (3.3±1.4)	0.9~6.4 (2.8±1.5)	0.7~6.4 (3.7±1.4)
Chr	4	2.5~17.9 (10.0±4.6)	3.0~17.7 (12.0±4.8)	2.4~16.4 (8.1±3.6)	1.1~11.5 (6.5±2.4)
BbF	5	3.0~13.0 (7.9±3.0)	6.1~29.2 (20.3±8.1)	2.6~15.5 (7.3±3.4)	2.4~13.5 (9.1±2.7)
BkF	5	1.0~14.6 (7.5±3.9)	1.2~10.1 (4.8±2.3)	1.0~7.6 (3.7±1.8)	0.9~6.4 (3.9±1.3)
BaP	5	0.8~10.4 (5.4±2.7)	1.0~9.3 (6.1±2.9)	1.4~15.4 (5.7±3.7)	0.8~11.7 (6.4±2.9)
DBA	5	0.5~3.7 (2.0±0.9)	0.3~2.9 (1.6±0.8)	0.3~3.2 (1.2±0.8)	0.3~2.3 (1.0±0.5)
InP	6	1.3~10.1 (5.4±2.5)	2.0~14.2 (6.7±3.4)	1.7~13.4 (5.5±3.0)	1.0~6.7 (4.2±1.4)
BgP	6	1.9~10.8 (6.4±2.6)	1.7~9.0 (6.0±2.6)	3.3~14.7 (6.6±2.9)	1.3~6.9 (4.9±1.4)

表2 不同海区表层沉积物中PAHs检出种数和含量的比较

Tab.2 Comparison of species and content of PAHs detected in surface sediments from different sea areas

海区	检出PAHs种数/种	PAHs含量/(μg·kg^-1)		数据来源
海区	检出PAHs种数/种	范围	平均值	数据来源
绿色石化项目邻近海域	16	27.5~149.0	102.6	本研究2019年
绿色石化项目邻近海域	16	16.9~114.0	75.9	本研究2021年
长江口及浙江近岸海域	16	31.8~384.0	131.1	文献[5]
舟山海域	15	10.5~521.8	138.6	文献[7]
台州湾	15	85.4~167.6	138.6	文献[8]
厦门湾	16	204.0~1 590.5	670.0	文献[9]
湄洲湾	16	196.7~299.7	256.1	文献[10]
环渤海渔港	16	1 092.9~4 196.9	2 642.0	文献[11]
青岛近海	16	255.8~1 884.1	684.8	文献[12]
深圳近岸海域	16	227.5~3 897.4	—	文献[13]
广西三娘湾	16	37.0~241.8	90.8	文献[14]
南黄海西部	16	19.8~172.0	67.2	文献[15]
南海北部	16	8.6~17.5	10.9	文献[16]

图2 表层沉积物中PAHs含量分布

Fig.2 Distribution of PAHs content in surface sediments

图3 不同环数PAHs的年际变化

Fig.3 Interannual changes of PAHs with different ring numbers

表3 表层沉积物组成类型、平均粒径及有机碳含量

Tab.3 Type composition, average particle size and organic carbon content of surface sediments

年份	砂/%	粉砂/%	黏土/%	平均粒径Ф	有机碳/%
2018年	2.2~14.7(6.4±3.9)	56.7~85.5(79.2±7.6)	7.8~41.0(14.4±8.8)	5.57~7.44(6.17±0.52)	0.36~0.81(0.58±0.12)
2019年	0.4~75.0(10.7±20.6)	25.0~94.6(83.6±18.8)	0.0~9.9(5.7±2.9)	3.25~6.45(5.79±0.86)	0.14~0.56(0.44±0.12)
2020年	4.1~34.1(12.3±9.5)	63.3~90.4(80.7±8.4)	2.7~11.4(7.0±2.4)	4.62~6.18(5.66±0.45)	0.42~0.66(0.55±0.07)
2021年	0.9~87.8(12.7±24.1)	12.2~91.6(80.3±21.9)	0.0~12.7(7.0±3.1)	3.10~6.38(5.84±0.89)	0.33~0.61(0.49±0.10)

图4 沉积物类型

Fig.4 Sediment types

表4 沉积物中PAHs含量与影响因子间的相关系数

Tab.4 Correlations coefficient between PAHs content and its influencing factors in surface sediments

项目	PAHs	LMW	HMW	有机碳	粒度
PAHs	1.00
LMW	0.87^*	1.00
HMW	0.98^*	0.77^*	1.00
有机碳	0.14	0.18	0.12	1.00
粒度	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.38^*	1.00

图5 表层沉积物PAHs来源分析

Fig.5 Sources analysis of PAHs in surface sediments

表5 沉积物中PAHs的质量评价基准[25]

Tab.5 Criteria for the quality assessment of PAHs in sediment[25]单位:μg·kg-1

项目	Nap	Acy	Act	Flu	Phe	Ant	Fla	Pyr	Chr	BaA	BaP	DBA
ERL	160	16	44	19	240	85.3	600	665	384	261	430	63.4
ERM	2 100	500	640	540	1 500	1 100	5 100	2 600	2 800	1 600	1 600	260

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